Chapter 1 Networking Fundamentals

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node

(computer science) any computer that is hooked up to a computer network

Network

(electronics) a system of interconnected electronic components or circuits

hub

a central connection point where all network cables are concentrated. it is classified as either active or passive

server

a computer that provides services to networked computers/ or clients

access port

a connection on a hub to which cables attach

media convertor

a device that changes one type of electrical signal into another or interfaces one cable type to another

protocal

a group of computer programs that handle packet formatting and control data transmssion

logical identification

a name provided by the technician at the time of installation that uniquely indentifies the computer on the network

multistation access unit

a network device that allows for a quick connection and disconnection

ring topology

a network device that allows for the quick connection and disconnection of token ring cables

network interface card

a network device that contains the electronic component needed to send and receive a digital signal

hub

a network device that provides a common electrical connection to all nodes

peer to peer network

a network in which all computers are considered peers or equal

wide area network

a network that consists of a large number of networks and PCs connected with private and public communication lines

client/server network

a network that consists of computers connected to one or more servers

metropolitan area network

a network that consists of two or more LAN's connected with private or public communications lines

hierarchical star

a network topology created by two ot more star topologies are merged using network devices

tree

a network topology created from two or more star topologies connected together by a common backbone

mesh topology

a network topology each node is connected to each of the other nodes

star topology

a network topology in which cables running from one node connect to a single point

hybrid topology

a network topology that consists of a mixture of topology types connected together

bus topology

a network topology that uses a single cable or conductor to connect all nodes

local area network

a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function

ATM

a protocol that idenifie devices connected on the local area network and allows them to automatically exchanges information

LLDP

a protocol that identifies devices connected on the local area network and allows them to automatically exchange information

tcp/ip

a protocol that was developed by the defence advanced research project agency

FIR

a protocol used for transmitting data from laptop computers to desktop computers without the use of cables

administrative server

a server that administers network security and activites

database server

a server that contains data files and software programs to query the data

print server

a server that coordinates printing activities between clients and printers

dedicated server

a server that provides a single function

file server

a server that stores data files that can be accessed by a client

driver

a software program that allows a PC to communicate with and to transfer data to and from computer hardware, such as the network interface card

fiber optic cable

a type of cable that has a glass or clear plastic core

connection-oriented

a type of network connection that direct connection between the source and the destination

connectionless oriented

a type of network connection that does not use a direct connection between the destination and the source

copper core cable

a typer of cable that consists of a copper wire surrounded by plastic or synthetic insulation

cell

an area or zone that is served by a radio access tower

repeater

an electrical device that amplifies or reshapes a weak signal into its original strength and form

terminating resistor

an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current

network operating system

an operating system that provides communication between the computers, printers, and other intelligent hardware that exist on the network

network administrator

an overall administrator who control access to the network and to its shares

media

the general term that identifies the material used to transport packets and data streams between nodes

attenuation

the loss of signal strength

centralized administration

the methodology used to administer a client/ server network

decentralized administrative

the methodology used to administer a peer to peer network

backbone

the part of a network that connects other networks together

MAC

the physical ID of a network card, which is a 6-byte, hexadecimal number

network topology

the physical arrangement of computer-related devices

active hub

...

concentrator

...

passive hub

...


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