Chapter 1 Nutrition: food is more than something to eat.
one serving of food provides 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams fat, and 4 grams protein. match the number of kilocalories provided from each macronutrient in one serving of this food:
-40 KCAL = 10 gram carbohydrates -45 KCAL = 5 grams fat -16 KCAL= 4 grams protein
which of the following are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?
-heart disease -cancer
foods are bad for you if they contain which two substances that cause food-borne illnesses?
-viruses -bacteria
what are examples of non nutrients?
alcohol and phytochemicals (minerals are micronutrients)
unsafe doses of vitamins or minerals...
are more likely to occur with dietary supplements than with foods.
what foods are considered nutrient dense?
broccoli and whole grain cereal.
A ___ is the smallest functional unit in a living organism
cell
one of the benefits of learning about nutrition is becoming a more educated ________ of nutrition-related information.
consumer
what disease develops when a nutrient is missing or deficient in the diet?
deficiency disease
many phytochemicals function as antioxidants, protecting body cells from the effects of
free radicals
metabolic reactions are involved in what?
generating energy, eliminating waste products, making proteins
overnutrition and undernutrition are considered examples of what?
malnutrition
the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells describes_____
metabolism
empty calorie foods are not a good source of vitamins or ____
minerals
processing treatments that can make food safer and more convenient to eat include what?
peeling and heating
______such as caffeine are non nutrients made by plants that may have health benefits
phytochemicals
which of the following are macronutrients?
proteins, carbohydrates, fats
a personal characteristic that increases a person's chance of developing a disease is called?
risk factor
match the phytochemical with as possible health benefit
see slides
the leading cause of preventable deaths such as heart disease in the United States is what?
smoking
what is the leading cause of preventable death in North America?
smoking
many popular dietary supplements are not helpful and may even be harmful
true
what diseases are caused by a poor diet?
type 2 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease.
empty calorie foods are not a good source of what?
vitamins and minerals
which of the following are micronutrients?
vitamins and minerals
dietary supplements may contain what?
vitamins, amino acids, herbs
match the nutrient with the function
vitamins= maintenance of immune function minerals= regulation of fluid balance water= regulation of body temperature lipids = energy source
what is the most essential nutrient?
water
which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body I'm a healthy man or woman?
water
which two options describe situations in which malnutrition can occur?
when people consume nutritionally poor diets and when the body is not properly nourished.
which two nutrients provide the same amount of energy per gram?
Carbs and protein
life-sustaining chemicals found in foods are called
nutrients
what is the term for a compound made by plants but not considered a nutrient?
phytochemical
a gram of fat contains how many kcalories?
9
how many kilocalories are provided in 10 grams of pure alcohol?
90 kcal
match nutrients with the function
carbohydrate= source of energy lipid= necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins protein = production of structural and functional components water=regulation of body temperature
which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from poor diet?
diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
which of these nutrients are considered organic nutrients?
lipids, carbohydrates, and vitamins.
what is the substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits?
phytochemical
what diseases are considered chronic?
cancer and heart disease
what is the disease that is the leading cause of death in the United States?
cardiovascular
some Americans consume a nutritionally poor diet because _____
they lack nutrition knowledge
the most economical a natural way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals is to base your diet on a ______ of whole foods
variety
choosing benefits of learning how to eat healthy and how to evaluate nutrition related information.
-being a better consumer -living longer -living a healthier life
A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a __________ nutrient.
Essential nutrient.
choose the nutrients that provide energy to cells
fats and carbohydrates
a person's way of living is called their
lifestyle
dietary moderation can be achieved by what?
limiting serving sizes, choosing nutrient dense foods.
which of these are considered organic nutrients?
lipids carbohydrates and vitamins
the only time a specific nutrient can cure a health condition as when the condition is
nutrient deficiency disease
how many kilocalories per serving are provided from a food that contains 7 grams of fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein per serving?
91 kcal (7 grams of fat x 9 kcal)+(4 grams carbohydrate x 4kcal)+(3 grams of protein x 4kcal)=91 kcal
orange juice fortified with calcium, yogurt produced with live bacteria, and margarine formulated with specific fats and phytochemicals and designed to lower the risk of heart disease, are all examples of...
functional foods
populations that are particularly at risk for malnutrition are what?
people with low incomes, people with severe eating disorders, people addicted to drugs or alcohol.
situations when it would be appropriate for people to take specific nutrient supplements are?
chronically ill patients, digestive disorders that interfere with nutrient absorption, older adults who may need higher amounts of nutrient than what is found in food.
which term describes foods that are typically manufactured to boost nutrient intakes are help manage specific health problems?
functional foods
what term describes foods that are typically manufactured to boost nutrient intakes are help manage specific health problems?
functional foods.
which of the following nutrients are considered essential?
glucose, iron, water
