Chapter 1 quiz, Chapter 2 quiz, Chapter 3 quiz, Chapter 4 quiz HM

The views of which ancient Greek philosopher fit best with Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism?

Socrates

LaTonya was in a car accident and the doctor injected her with a radioactive tracer to make images of her brain using which technology?

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Which theory offers a possible explanation for why we dream about memories or problems from our day?

Continuity hypothesis

Miguel's eyewitness testimony was debunked by an expert witness who showed how his memory was clouded by prejudice and other factors. On which researcher's work did the expert rely?

Elizabeth Loftus

When people are concentrating on words or sounds that are claimed to help them achieve an altered state of consciousness, what are they actively practicing?

Transcendental meditation

In the context of psychological research, debriefing is the process of explaining the purposes and methods of a completed procedure to a participant.

True

Scientists today attribute Franz Mesmer's success with hypnosis to the placebo effect.

True

Structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.

False

People in which field of psychology believed that learning consisted of both overt behaviors and meaningful "wholes?"

Gestalt

Liu wants to study how people see patterns in their perception, which school of thought should he enter?

Gestaltism

Which of the following statements is true of William James's contribution to psychology?

He argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous.

Compared to the rest of our bodies, which of the following is a feature of gray matter?

It consists of non-myelinated neurons.

Which of these is a function of prolactin?

It regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals.

Which of the following cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness?

Nonconscious processes

Which of the following is true of Weber's constant?

Weber's constant for light is inaccurate when extremely bright or dull lights are compared.

Which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing?

medulla

The colors across from one another on the color wheel are labeled ________.

complementary colors

Peter went out cycling one morning. He was not wearing a helmet. He fell off a ridge and fell into a steep valley. Apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, Peter severely injured his head. The doctor noticed a swelling on the right side of his head and suspected that it was a blood clot. Which of the following did the doctor use to obtain a three-dimensional image of Peter's brain for further investigation?

computerized axial tomography

Sara is a pregnant woman who is well past her due date, which was three weeks ago. The doctors decide that they must induce labor in Sara and inject her with ________.

oxytocin

When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called ________.

placebos

Which of the following is a difference between repression and suppression?

Repression is an unconscious process, whereas suppression is a conscious process.

Which of the following refers to a time when a neuron does not allow sodium to pass through the neuronal membrane and as a result, is insensitive to messages from other neurons and does not fire?

a refractory period

Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. This occurrence is known as the ________.

all-or-none principle

What structure of the ear directly transmits information to the '"stirrup"?

anvil

Biofeedback training has been used to help individuals with

anxiety.

The part of a neuron that extends like a trunk from the cell body is called a ________.

axon

Javinder was arguing with Pina, Kurt, over the best approach to studying psychology. John insisted that we should consider only what we can observe, while Kurt maintained that human perceptions cannot be explained only in terms of basic units, that it is more than the sum of its parts. To which school of thought does John subscribe?

behaviorism

Which one of the following takes the form of a double helix and contains the genetic code of an organism?

deoxyribonucleic acid

The ________ refers to the smallest possible stimulus that can be detected half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect.

difference threshold

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of ________.

dopamine

Herbert wants to create an experiment that will prove that one sex is better at driving than the other. Mahyim rejects his premise by using which aspect of critical thinking?

examine assumptions

The perception of objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs is termed ________.

extrasensory perception

Which of the following psychologists might treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders' behavior and mental processes?

forensic psycologists

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to have insomnia because of a

greater incidence of poor health and pain.

Raoul is one of the best football players on the Newborn Warriors. However, his stamina has been reducing and he has been unable to sustain an entire game due to his habit of smoking cigarettes. In order to improve his performance, Raoul is most likely to consult a ________.

heath psychologist

Which perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

humanistic-existential

A person in which field primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work?

industrial psychologist

Despite being blind, Sanjay has never had a problem with performing day-to-day activities. He has been able to accurately judge the position and motion of his body parts, and thus, he is able to perform activities such as walking and eating quite normally. Which of the following senses is illustrated in the scenario?

kinesthesis

Ned is feeling stressed because of his workload at the office. He is also experiencing insomnia with rapid weight loss. What kind of correlation is there between Ned's stress and the amount of sleep he gets?

negative

Which structure uses oxygen and nutrients to generate the energy needed to carry out the work of a neuron cell?

nucleus

Which of these can be defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes?

psychology

The thin, light sensitive membrane that lies at the back of the eye and contains the sensory receptors for light is the ________.

retina

Jarrod is a receptionist who works long hours at a desk in his company. When he first gets to work in the morning he is annoyed by the "tick tick tick" of the clock on the wall. After an hour or two (or sooner if he is involved in a project that requires his focus) the sound of the clock isn't something he notices any longer. What is this an example of?

sensory adaptation

Goran is a person struggling with alcohol addiction. Which neurotransmitter might be in deficit for him?

serotonin

Which piece of the following information would Freud believe is stored in a person's unconscious?

sexual impulses

A sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep is called _______.

sleep apnea

Dr. Kendall runs a research sleep lab at her university. As she was reviewing the EEG recording of a sleeping subject in the lab, she notices the presence of theta brain waves and sleep spindles. Dr. Kendall concludes that the subject is in ______________.

stage 2 sleep

Dion was bored in class and doodled on the corners of his notebook pages to make his own flipbook. On each consecutive page, he draw the image slightly different. When he quickly flips through the pages, it looks like the doodle is moving. This is an example of _______.

stroboscopic motion

While returning from the grocery store, Bob was held at gunpoint by two men who wanted to rob him of his belongings. Bob had never been in a fight before, yet he could feel his heartbeat rapidly rise, along with a sudden urge to fight the two men. This involuntary increase in Bob's heartbeat and his immediate urge to fight the men are controlled by the ________.

sympathetic nervous system

Jakob is always too warm and perspires frequently. Which of the following structures is most responsible for him being too warm?

thalamus

The outer ear funnels sound directly to which structure?

the eardrum

Which of the following is a function of the middle ear?

to increase the pressure of the air entering the ear

Which concept states that in response to sound waves of frequencies between a few hundred and 4,000 cycles per second, groups of neurons take turns firing to transmit sensory information about pitches?

volley principle

Kwame's brain is producing alpha waves while experiencing a slowing heart rate. His oxygen consumption has decreased as well. What is Kwame probably doing?

Practicing transcendental meditation

In their continuing research, psychologists have come to define consciousness in only one way, as the continuing self in the world.

False

Which of the following statements is true of amphetamines?

They provide a euphoric rush when consumed in high doses.

Which of the following is true of feature detectors?

They refer to neurons that fire in response to specific features of sensory stimuli.

Humans only have five senses.

false

In terms of the just noticeable difference, with auditory stimulation, people are more sensitive to changes in loudness.

false

Response set theory suggests that you can be hypnotized against your will.

false

The neural impulses that travel along a neuron are purely chemical in nature.

false

When we think of the eye as the camera to the world, the photosensitive surface is called the lens, which contains photoreceptors called rods and cones.

false

Mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to

focus on the present.

As we age and reach our late 30's to mid-40's, what structure in our eyes tends to have difficulty accommodating?

lens

Which of the following is a group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum?

limbic system

Qin smashed his foot against a coffee table while talking through his apartment in the dark. His big toe was stubbed and his second toe was broken, but the pain signal was the same strength at first due to which principle?

polarization

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during when you are scared?

sympathetic division

Kohler's pioneering work with chimpanzees revealed ________.

that sometimes learning occurs suddenly

Which of the following theories proposed that there are three types of color receptors, but they are not sensitive only to red, green, and blue?

the opponent-process theory

As discussed in your text, the Literary Digest incorrectly predicted Alf Landon to win the 1936 presidential election over Franklin D. Roosevelt. What is believed to be the primary source of their error?

the sample

Humans have feature detector cells for both visual and auditory sensory systems.

true

In psychodynamic theory, descriptive information that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention (i.e., What did I eat for breakfast this morning? or What is my cell phone number?) is called preconscious material.

true

Kinesthesis is about motion and perception. In kinesthesis, sensory information is fed back to the brain from sensory organs in the joints, tendons, and muscles.

true

Which of the following statements best defines meditation?

It refers to various ways of focusing one's consciousness to alter one's relationship to the world.

In the context of altering consciousness through drugs, which disorder is characterized by loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms?

Substance use disorder

When people suffer from insomnia, they may have an even more difficult time falling asleep if they become stressed trying to make themselves sleep. Which branch of the nervous system is being triggered?

Sympathetic

Paulina is a kindergarten teacher. Every time one of her students answers correctly during her alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "Well done" and "Keep it up." Her behavior exemplifies reinforcement.

True

Beatriz had a cocaine use disorder and began therapy to stop her addiction. However, after a few days without the drug, she had intense urges to use it. She also started sweating excessively and experiencing shakiness due to anxiety. In this scenario, Beatriz is experiencing _______.

a craving

The brain and the spinal cord make up which of these parts of the nervous system?

central nervous system

Wilhelm Wundt used which method to try to discover the basic elements of experience?

introspection