Chapter 1 The Basics Of Health

A disabled person can never achieve the highest level of wellness

False

Excessive drug and alcohol consumption and poor sleep habits are the primary modifiable determinants related to chronic diseases

False

Healthy life expectancy is another term for life span.

False

Spiritual health can only be achieved through an organized religion

False

The absence of disease or illness is the optimal description of health

False

The wellness continuum ranges from a low point of beginning to experience some type of symptom to a high point of optimal health and well-being

False

Rafael is committed to his study of ecology and the effects of climate change. Additionally, he tries to show respect for all living things. Which of the following statements best describes Rafael?

He demonstrates spiritual health.

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions?

Indirect medical costs

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?

Modeling

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n)

Modifiable determinant

Family health background and the behaviors of family members are examples of

Predisposing factors

Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n)

Reinforcing factor

The change based on three factors (social environment, thoughts, and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the

Social cognitive model

Jane is sedentary and obese. What effect, if any, do these factors have on her health?

They impede her progress toward high-level wellness.

Being able to perform activities of daily living is an aspect of physical health.

True

For a low-income individual without dental insurance, cost can be a perceived barrier to obtaining necessary dental care

True

Health-related quality of life describes the impact of an individual's health on his or her daily functioning

True

Social factors, biology and genetics, individual behavior, health services, and policymaking all combine to determine a person's health status.

True

A disease that begins slowly, progresses over a period of time, and that may resist treatment is a(n)

chronic disease.

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a(n)

consumable reinforcer.

Paul studies mortality rates in infants of various ethnicities. He studies their

death rates.

Health and wellness are best described as

dynamic.

Katherine is an energetic, confident student who is not afraid to stand up in front of the class and read her essay aloud. She trusts that even if others don't agree with her point of view, they will still value her as a person and a friend. These traits best demonstrate Katherine's positive

emotional health.

Effective health promotion programs

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health.

All the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT

genetic diseases.

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage

has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.

Spiritual health can best be described as

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life.

Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change?

health belief model

The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of

health.

Health promotion

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health.

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as

intellectual health.

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth

is likely to delay care that she needs.

Once you have identified a target behavior that needs to change, your next step is to

learn more about the behavior, its effects, and possible obstacles.

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as

life expectancy.

An example of an enabling factor is

living near a hiking trail to encourage walking.

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n)

manipulative reinforcer.

Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health?

medical model

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

modifiable determinants of health.

A trait over which a person has no control, such as height and bone structure, is a(n)

nonmodifiable determinant.

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to

perform activities of daily living.

Setting up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week's exercise goal is an example of

positive reinforcement.

The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is

precontemplation.

A person whose parents smoke is more likely to smoke based on this being a(n)

predisposing factor.

Having unprotected sex is considered a

risk behavior

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of

self-talk.

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

their own actions.

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model?

transtheoretical model

When applying the strategy of shaping to behavior change, one should

use small achievable steps to reach goals.

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century?

vaccinations and antibiotics

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?

wanting to change

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is

wellness.

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include

workplace safety.

Eve is always upset about something, and it seems that she is never really happy. Her mental outlook is likely to adversely affect

all six dimensions of her health.

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n)

belief

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of

blocking and stopping.

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The BEST way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to

set reasonable short-and-long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is

shaping

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of

situational inducement.

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health?

social

Mrs. H. wants her fifth-grade students to read more. She has a reading graph displayed in the classroom with a blank bar for each student. When a student reads for at least 3 hours in one week, he or she gets to color in one box on their bar. The students enjoy competing for the lead position and being praised by Mrs. H. for their improvements. This is an example of a(n)

social reinforcer.

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's

susceptibility to infectious disease.