Chapter 1 The Collision of Cultures

The _______ of the Spanish Armada by the _______ Empire demonstrated a superiority in smaller, more _______ ships against much larger warships in the contest between the two powers. This resulted in a strengthening of the _______ cause across _______.

Defeat; English; agile; Protestant; Europe

Why was the Bering Strait important in the development of diverse Indian societies in the Americas?

It served as a bridge between Siberia and Alaska that allowed nomadic peoples of East Asia to migrate to the Americas.

The _________ Exchange occasionally called the Columbian Exchange, was a _______ transfer of _______, such as Native American corn and _______, and animals, such as European _______, that revolutionized agriculture and hunting in both Europe and the Americas. New foods greatly benefitted _______, whose population increased, while _______ _______ from Europe _______ much of the population of the "New" World.

Biological; global; plants; potatoes; horses; Europeans; infectious diseases; destroyed

Identify the various factors that enabled Cortes to conquer the Mexica with such a small force of Spanish conquistadores.

Conflict among the Native American peoples; Small pox and other diseases carried from Europe to the Americas; Military technology superiority

In addition to new intellectual developments and scientific discoveries, the expansion of Europe into the Americas was aided by which desires and impulses among many Europeans?

Conquest, Greed, Racism

Plants and animals were extremely different in the two worlds. How did the introduction of new foods into the "Old" World directly affect the fate of the "New" World?

Correct choice New foods led to a population explosion in Europe and an increase in the number of prospective settlers coming to the "New" World.

The French Empire posed the greatest threat to Spanish colonization because it was able to take advantage of weaknesses in Spain's naval capacity.

False

The greatest decrease to the Native American population during the sixteenth century was attributed to casualties from direct combat with European settlers.

False

The _______ revolution known as the Renaissance sparked a discourse committed to _______ new ideas that challenged prevailing _______ and the authority of rulers and the church. This "rebirth" in _______ served as a catalyst for the ideas that would enable the Age of Exploration.

Intellectual; controversial; beliefs; learning

How did the cultivation of maize and other crops by Native Americans lead to the transformation of Indian societies?

It allowed Native Americans to live more settled lives, leading to the development of larger and more complex societies.

The Eastern Woodlands peoples included three regional groups: the Algonquian, the Iroquoian, and the Muskogean. Identify the statement below that best explains why the Iroquoian culture distinguished itself socially from the Algonquian culture.

It embraced a matriarchal tradition, in which women held leadership positions, selected male chiefs, and continued living with their family along with their new husband after marriage.

Martin Luther, _______ _______, and other Protestant reformers inspired millions of Europeans to challenge not only the theology of the _______ _______ church, but also their _______ institutions and leaders. Europe divided into _______ Protestant and Catholic states, and their rivalries flourished in the Americas as well, greatly influencing the future _______ of the Americas.

John Calvin; Roman Catholic; political; warring; colonization

Describe the native peoples of America on the eve of European arrival on the shores of the Western hemisphere.

Native peoples in the Americas were a large, heterogeneous population spread across vast areas of the Americas, and were made up of complex and diverse societies.

Plants and animals were extremely different in the two worlds. How did the introduction of new foods into the "Old" World directly affect the fate of the "New" World?

New foods led to a population explosion in Europe and an increase in the number of prospective settlers coming to the "New" World.

How did the spread of infectious diseases affect the ability of Native Americans to resist European invasion?

Since Native American leaders were often the first to interact with Europeans, their infection by diseases and subsequent deaths resulted in a serious loss of tribal leadership

Put in chronological order the following events that happened during the Spanish exploration of North America.

Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon explores Florida St. Augustine is the first European city established in North America New Mexico is established as a Spanish colony The English settlement at Jamestown is established The Pueblo revolt occurs in 1680

How did the Anasazi set itself apart from similar cultures in the region?

The Anasazi refused to incorporate a rigid class structure

The Anasazi culture—the most widespread of the Southwest pueblo cultures—was known for its extensive presence in the "Four Corners" region. Identify how the Anasazi set itself apart from similar cultures in the region.

The Anasazi refused to incorporate a rigid class structure.

Identify the main tenets of Luther's Protestant Reformation and its significance to the European settlements in the Americas.

The Protestant Reformation aimed to expose corruption within the Catholic Church and advance a more democratic understanding of Christianity in which people were their own priests. Many of these individualists views would directly influence the development of colonies in the New World during the Age of Exploration.

From their arrival in the "New" World in 1492 to the end of the colonial era, European countries competed for the resources found in the Americas. Which European empire controlled the largest colonial territory during this period?

The Spanish Empire

Put the following events that contributed to the growth of Spain's "Golden Empire" in chronological order.

The Spanish colonize Hispaniola The Spanish discover Puerto Rico The Spanish discover Cuba Cortez conquers the Mexica Pizzaro conquers the Inca De Soto explores Florida

By making desertion near impossible, Cortes was able to create an environment in which his followers understood conquest as a necessity for returning to normal life.

True

In his every encounter with native people , Christopher Columbus would ask if they had any gold. These interactions demonstrated how vices such as greed, along with the new technologies and knowledge of the time, helped to fuel the Age of Exploration.

True

The technological and social advancements that developed at Cahokia around 1000 C.E. continued to influence neighboring societies long after its collapse, as former inhabitants spread the knowledge of such innovations across the America South and Midwest.

True

How did Spanish colonizers respond to the failed Pueblo revolt in Mexico in 1598?

Twenty-four Pueblo men each had one foot cut off to discourage future uprisings against the Spanish; Spanish soldiers brutally massacred hundreds of Pueblo men, women, and children; Young Pueblo children were taken from their parents and put into the care of Spanish missionaries, who were charged with caring for their souls

Identify the leading factors that contributed to the disintegration of the Spanish Empire.

Vastness of the empire; Complexity of the empire

Describe the social structure of the mound-building societies of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys that was evident from their burial mounds.

a sophisticated social structure dependent upon a specialized division of labor, in which various groups performed specific tasks in the interest of society as a whole

Identify the various factors that enabled Cortés to conquer the Mexica with such a small force of Spanish conquistadores

smallpox and other diseases carried from Europe to the Americas conflict among Native American peoples military technological superiority