Chapter 10

Which statement about organizational development is true? Multiple choice question. Single interventions are generally more effective than multiple interventions. Training is the most successful type of organizational development intervention. Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions. It best to master one intervention and use it in all situations.

Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions.

What happens during the last step of the organizational development process? Multiple choice question. The diagnosis and intervention are further refined if the problem was not solved. The problem is diagnosed using a combination of surveys, interviews, observation, and meetings. The results of the intervention efforts are assessed to see if they solved the problem. The intervention is applied in the hopes that it will fix the problem.

The diagnosis and intervention are further refined if the problem was not solved.

The technique used to determine which forces could act for a proposed change and which forces could act against it is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. the levers of change force-field analysis the force-equivalency approach change-agent understanding

force-field analysis

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. self-affirmations self-compassion statements innovation systems reinforcing reward systems

self-affirmations

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. self-compassion statements innovation systems self-affirmations reinforcing reward systems

self-affirmations

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achieving the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved. Multiple choice question. employees consultants senior leaders mid-level managers

senior leaders

What is the first step in organizational development? Multiple choice question. Feedback Intervention Evaluation Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Select all that apply What are the target elements of change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Organizational arrangements People Outputs Methods Financial factors Social factors

Organizational arrangements People Methods Social factors

Select all that apply What are the parts of a systems model of change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Outputs Target elements of change Inputs Regulation Directives

Outputs Target elements of change Inputs

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization. Multiple choice question. profits promotions conflict diversity

conflict

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______. Multiple choice question. development placement diagnosis intervention

development

Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______. Multiple choice question. release products to consumers diagnose problems create new products learn more about the competition

diagnose problems

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______. Multiple choice question. a nonreinforcing reward system disruption of the group relationship loss of job security fear of failure

disruption of the group relationship

Self-compassion is best described as ______. Multiple choice question. positive statements to focus your goals a reminder that you are not alone a reward system gentleness with yourself

gentleness with yourself

Innovations must be ______. Multiple choice question. disruptive incremental novel physical

novel

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the Marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______. Multiple choice question. peer pressure personality conflicts fear of failure poor timing

peer pressure

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or creating a new one, is called ______ innovation. Multiple choice question. customer behavioral product market

product

The process of changing the appearance or performance of a product or service is known as ______ innovation. Multiple choice question. incremental radical product process

product

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______. Multiple choice question. leaders employ an innovation strategy the organization does not understand the competition top managers are not committed it involves new-direction innovation

top managers are not committed

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization? Multiple choice question. Demographic characteristics Supplier practices Market changes Customer demands

Demographic characteristics

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent? Multiple choice question. Executing the process well Gaining allies by communicating your vision Disciplining employees that resist progress Fostering an innovative culture and climate

Fostering an innovative culture and climate

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts. It is a way of dismissing the beliefs of others. It is a commitment that you make to yourself

It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

Select all that apply Which statements about openness to change are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. It is critical for the success of organizational change. It is an example of an important career readiness competency. It is a characteristic possessed by managers, but not by employees.

It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. It is critical for the success of organizational change. It is an example of an important career readiness competency.

Select all that apply Which of the following are increased by employee openness to change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Job satisfaction Workplace annoyances Continuous learning Relationship disruption

Job satisfaction Continuous learning

Select all that apply Which of the following are increased by employee openness to change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Relationship disruption Workplace annoyances Job satisfaction Continuous learning

Job satisfaction Continuous learning

Which of the following is a purpose of organizational development? Multiple choice question. Investigating the competition Designing products Providing training Managing conflict

Managing conflict

Demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans have become more aware of the effects of pesticides and other harmful chemicals in food. This exemplifies which force for change outside the organization? Multiple choice question. Market changes Demographic characteristics Technological advances Supplier practices

Market changes

Select all that apply Which statements about rewards and innovation goals are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. Extrinsic rewards need to be tied to creativity and innovation. Organization reward systems are rarely at odds with innovation culture. There is no meaningful relationship between rewards and innovation goals.

Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. Extrinsic rewards need to be tied to creativity and innovation.

The company Tonya works for has been eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______. Multiple choice question. peer pressure a climate of mistrust fear of failure fear of the unknown

a climate of mistrust

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened? Multiple choice question. Adaptive change Innovative change Administrative change Radically innovative change

Adaptive change

Select all that apply How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. By using surveys and questionnaires By consulting company records By interviewing the competition By attending meetings and performing direct observation

By using surveys and questionnaires By consulting company records By attending meetings and performing direct observation

Select all that apply Which of the following should organizational structure and internal processes foster to help promote innovation? Multiple select question. Interest in the market Collaboration Cross-functional communication Agility

Collaboration Cross-functional communication Agility

Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true? Multiple choice question. Competitors may be in and out of the market within days. Pop-up stores are an ineffective way to increase speed-to-market. Faster speed-to-market is only possible for small companies. Achieving faster speed-to-market requires skipping consumer trials.

Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.

Which of the following is a tactic increasingly used by companies to help them innovate and involves soliciting contributions from many people, often via the Internet, in order to collect needed services, ideas, or content? Multiple choice question. Crowdsourcing Force-field analyzing Coaching Unfreezing

Crowdsourcing

Click and drag on elements in order Place the steps in the OD process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top. Instructions

Diagnosis Intervention Evaluation Feedback

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. Instructions Drag and drop application. Diagnosis Diagnosis drop zone empty. Intervention Intervention drop zone empty. Evaluation Evaluation drop zone empty. Feedback

Diagnosis What is the problem? Intervention What should we do to fix it? Evaluation How well has the intervention worked? Feedback How can the diagnosis and intervention be further refined?

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Multiple choice question. Disruption of group relationships A climate of trust Good timing Reinforcement of reward systems

Disruption of group relationships

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization? Multiple choice question. Education Productivity Job satisfaction Petroleum prices

Education

Select all that apply What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? Multiple select question. Employee characteristics Market characteristics Change agent characteristics Competitor characteristics

Employee characteristics Change agent characteristics

Select all that apply What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Human capital resources are drastically increased. Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. Innovation by the competition becomes irrelevant. Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation.

Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation.

Select all that apply Which of the following are among the seven components of fostering innovation? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Establishing a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels Establishing the required structure and processes Getting commitment from top managers Creating an innovation strategy Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Creating a climate of employee complacency

Establishing the required structure and processes Getting commitment from top managers Creating an innovation strategy Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures

Management support has little effect on the success of organizational development. True false question.TrueFalse

False Reason: Organizational development is much more likely to succeed if top managers support the program.

Organizational development is used to hire new executives. True false question.TrueFalse

False Reason: Organizational development is not used for hiring executives. Its purpose is to implement change to make organizations and people more effective.

An employee's personal adaptability plays a relatively insignificant role in his or her resistance to change. True false question. True False

False Reason: Personal adaptability plays a major role in employee resistance to change.

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change? Multiple choice question. Peer pressure Fear of failure Climate of mistrust Personality conflict

Fear of failure

Select all that apply Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change? Multiple select question. Fear of new roles and responsibilities The potential for loss of status Reinforcement of rewards systems Fears about job security

Fear of new roles and responsibilities The potential for loss of status Fears about job security

Select all that apply Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change? Multiple select question. Reinforcement of rewards systems Fear of new roles and responsibilities The potential for loss of status Fears about job security

Fear of new roles and responsibilities The potential for loss of status Fears about job security

What is the last step of the organizational development process? Multiple choice question. Feedback Evaluation Intervention Diagnosis

Feedback

Click and drag on elements in order Place the steps of force-field analysis in order, with the first step at the top. Instructions

Identify the thruster and counter thrusters Remove the negative forces. Increase the positive forces if necessary

Select all that apply Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change? Multiple select question. Loss of status or job security Familiarity with innovation Fear of the unknown Peer pressure

Loss of status or job security Fear of the unknown Peer pressure

Which of the following is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Multiple choice question. Peer pressure Personality agreement Reinforcing reward systems A climate of trust

Peer pressure

Select all that apply Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change? Multiple select question. Familiarity with innovation Peer pressure Loss of status or job security Fear of the unknown

Peer pressure Loss of status or job security Fear of the unknown

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Multiple choice question. Preservation of group relationships Good timing A climate of trust Personality conflicts

Personality conflicts

Which of the following is an example of an adaptive change in an organization? Multiple choice question. Introducing an innovative change suggested by the organization's top management Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization Introducing a method that is new to the organization Introducing a technique that is new to the organization's industry

Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization

Select all that apply What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion? Multiple select question. Remember you are not alone. Embrace a narrow self-view. Engage in mindfulness meditation. Avoid group relationships. Practice self-kindness.

Remember you are not alone. Engage in mindfulness meditation. Practice self-kindness.

Which of the following best describes "demassification"? Multiple choice question. Eliminating bottlenecks in distribution Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups Offshoring jobs to countries with cheaper labor and production costs Offering mainstream products to a broad marketplace

Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

What happens during the last step of the organizational development process? Multiple choice question. The problem is diagnosed using a combination of surveys, interviews, observation, and meetings. The intervention is applied in the hopes that it will fix the problem. The results of the intervention efforts are assessed to see if they solved the problem. The diagnosis and intervention are further refined if the problem was not solved.

The diagnosis and intervention are further refined if the problem was not solved.

Select all that apply Which of the following are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? Multiple select question. The overall speed of product releases is decreasing. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. Simple, one-size-fits-all solutions are becoming more popular.

The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information.

Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions. True false question.TrueFalse

True

The public library in Emily's town wants patrons to scan their own books to check them out instead of having library employees do it. At first, the employees felt that this approach would create an impersonal way to check out books, but management has encouraged the employees to let go of the old way of doing things by explaining to them that they will be more useful working as information specialists in another area of the library. Which stage of Lewin's change model does this represent? Multiple choice question. Changing Innovating Unfreezing Refreezing

Unfreezing

Select all that apply What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Unfreezing Changing Refreezing Shattering

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

Drag and drop the descriptions against each stage of Lewin's model of change.

Unfreezing matches Choice Creating the motivation to change Changing matches Choice Introducing new information, perspectives, and ways of doing things Refreezing matches Choice Supporting and reinforcing the new behavior

What are companies doing to respond effectively to the increasing segmentation of the marketplace? Multiple choice question. Following a traditional sales model Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages Promoting the same product to all potential customers Engaging in conversations with individual consumers

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

When is organizational development most likely to succeed? Multiple choice question. When it involves change for the sake of change When it utilizes a single intervention When it focuses solely on short-term results When it is supported by top managers

When it is supported by top managers

When is organizational development most likely to succeed? Multiple choice question. When it utilizes a single intervention When it is supported by top managers When it focuses solely on short-term results When it involves change for the sake of change

When it is supported by top managers

Laila loves her immediate supervisor, her co-workers, and her job, but she does not like her supervisor's boss, Hamid. When he decides to institute some new policies that impact Laila, she is automatically resistant. This is most likely due to ______. Multiple choice question. a personality conflict poor timing of the changes a nonreinforcing reward system peer pressure

a personality conflict

An innovative culture is a place where failures are ______ the organization's culture. Multiple choice question. an accepted part of ignored by forbidden from existing in the ultimate goal of

an accepted part of

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______. Multiple choice question. using a nonreinforcing reward system being open and honest about changes breaking up group relationships surprising employees with changes

being open and honest about changes

An employee's individual differences, perceptions of change, and actions and inactions make up that employee's ______. Multiple choice question. leadership style characteristics adaptability employment status

characteristics

One assumption that is central to a systems approach to change is that change ______. Multiple choice question. should be avoided at any cost creates a ripple effect through an organization can be mitigated through clear management hierarchies relies on having a culture where failure is not an option

creates a ripple effect through an organization

In some parts of the United States, guns are sold at Walmart stores. Some people refuse to shop at those stores. At the extreme, everyone would refuse to shop at those stores. In that hypothetical situation, ______ are acting as an external force for change. Multiple choice question. shareholders employees customers governing bodies

customers

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to ______. Multiple choice question. poor timing fear of failure personality conflicts peer pressure

fear of failure

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______. Multiple choice question. she has a great fear of surprises her childhood predisposed her to dislike change the move will result in dissolution of group relationships the company is promoting a climate of mistrust

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______. Multiple choice question. how much they enjoy their jobs how they were taught to handle change as children how long they have been working for the organization whether or not they are highly educated

how they were taught to handle change as children

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. human capital plan innovation strategy required structure process resource analysis

innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes, practices, and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. innovation competition organizational system innovation system knowledge process

innovation system

The process of creating a new solution to an existing problem is valuable enough that consumers are willing to pay is referred to as: Multiple choice question. constancy. innovation. creativity. invention

innovation.

The process of creating a new solution to an existing problem is valuable enough that consumers are willing to pay is referred to as: Multiple choice question. invention. innovation. creativity. constancy.

innovation.

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______. Multiple choice question. creates peer pressure is being done in a climate of mistrust lacks a reinforcing reward system is resulting in a loss of status

is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______. Multiple choice question. it is a surprise it preserves company culture they do not fear failure they trust their leaders

it is a surprise

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______. Multiple choice question. they do not fear failure they trust their leaders it is a surprise it preserves company culture

it is a surprise

Innovations must be ______. Multiple choice question. disruptive incremental physical novel

novel

Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires" at work and does not get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with ______ change. Multiple choice question. proactive preemptive reactive anticipatory

reactive

For organizational development efforts to succeed, human resource policies, procedures, and packages should ______ the other six parts of the innovation system. Multiple choice question. replace remove contradict reinforce

reinforce

For organizational development efforts to succeed, human resource policies, procedures, and packages should ______ the other six parts of the innovation system. Multiple choice question. replace remove reinforce contradict

reinforce

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______. Multiple choice question. resistance to change creativity innovative change adaptive change

resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______. Multiple choice question. anticipates problems or opportunities responds to problems or opportunities as they arise creates opposition and controversy results from a consensus

responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon. Multiple choice question. human resources speed raw materials money

speed

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business. Multiple choice question. discontinuous trends microtrends supertrends niche trends

supertrends

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization. Multiple choice question. supplier practices demographic characteristics social and political pressures technological advancements

technological advancements

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______. Multiple choice question. automation technology production intelligence

technology

According to Lewin's model of change, during the first stage, referred to as the ______ stage, managers need to instill in employees the motivation to change by encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to motivation. Multiple choice question. refreezing unfreezing innovating freezing

unfreezing