Chapter 10

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute. a) 6 b) 2 c) 8 d) 4

a) 6

Which of the following statements BEST describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli? a) Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs. b) Blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli, and osmosis occurs. c) Blood moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli sacks, and diffusion occurs. d) Air moves into the airway, blood arrives via the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs.

a) Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? a) Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status b) Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, hot clammy skin, normal mental status c) Rapid breathing, pale skin, and a normal mental status d) Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, pink dry skin, normal mental status

a) Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Why is inhalation described as an active process? a) It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure. b) It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. c) It uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure. d) It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure.

a) It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright? a) Pressure-compensated flowmeter b) Bourdon gauge flowmeter b) Hudson gauge flowmeter d) Constant flow selector valve

a) Pressure-compensated flowmeter

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected after striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first? a) Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen. b) Apply a cervical collar. c) Apply a nonrebreather mask with an oxygen flow rate of 15 lpm. d) Perform a rapid trauma assessment.

a) Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi. a) 500 b) 200 c) 300 d) 1,000

b) 200

You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient's head to a neutral position. "Why? This is not a pediatric patient!" your partner protests. What would you say? a) Elderly patients should never have their heads tilted back because spinal curvatures are common and can prevent airway positioning. b) It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations. c) Using the head-tilt, chin-lift prior to clearing any mucus plugs from the stoma can cause airway occlusion. d) Stoma breathers should only have their airways positioned after placement of the ventilation device.

b) It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option? a) Consult with medical control about restraining the patient. b) Use a nasal cannula instead. c) Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further. d) Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation.

b) Use a nasal cannula instead.

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure? a) When the patient who is short of breath, with noisy respiration, presents in the tripod position but then suddenly has the condition clear up and return to normal. b) When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change. c) When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems fail with the demand for oxygen, pupils dilate, and the skin becomes hot and dry. d) When the compensatory mechanism is no longer needed and the patient goes into arrest.

b) When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his accurate pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory: a) arrest. b) distress. c) hypoxia. d) failure.

b) distress.

Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with: a) nitrogen. b) inhaled air. c) carbon monoxide. d) humidified air.

b) inhaled air.

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask? a) 100% b) 16% c) 50% d) 21%

c) 50%

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first? a) Listen to his lung sounds. b) Obtain the patient's medical history. c) Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. d) Check for a radial pulse.

c) Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute? a) G cylinder b) M cylinder c) E cylinder d) D cylinder

c) E cylinder

The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases? a) High hydrogen and low carbon dioxide b) Low hydrogen and high carbon monoxide c) High carbon dioxide and low oxygen d) High carbon monoxide and low oxygen

c) High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true? a) The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria. b) It should only be used when assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device. c) It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable. d) The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis.

c) It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient? a) Nasal cannula b) Simple face mask c) Nonrebreather mask d) Oropharyngeal airway

c) Nonrebreather mask

A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient? a) Supplement the breaths with high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. b) Use a pocket mask, which will provide adequate oxygen to improve the patient's condition. c) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD. d) Give mouth-to-mouth breathing with a nasal cannula, providing the patient with an increase of oxygen.

c) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? a) You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing. b) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute. c) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. d) Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag.

c) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: a) hypercarbia. b) hypotension. c) hypoxia. d) hyperventilation.

c) hypoxia.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called: a) oxygenation. b) dehydration. c) internal respiration. d) external respiration.

c) internal respiration.

What device is used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation? a) Bag-valve mask b) Stoma c) Automatic transport ventilator d) Pocket face mask

d) Pocket face mask

To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements? a) Respiratory rate and bronchial dilation b) Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate c) Tidal volume and dead space air d) Tidal volume and respiratory rate

d) Tidal volume and respiratory rate

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should: a) increase the concentration of oxygen. b) reduce the concentration of oxygen. c) begin chest compressions. d) reduce the volume of the ventilations.

d) reduce the volume of the ventilations.