Chapter 10

Which of the following factors have contributed to the decline in traditional nuclear family households in the United States? Multiple select question. Grandparents have become more enthused about raising their grandchildren after the parents divorce. More parents are raising children without a spouse. More women are leaving the workforce to become homemakers. More women are working at paid jobs and delaying marriage, or not marrying at all. People are marrying at younger ages than ever before. More people are living alone.

More parents are raising children without a spouse. More women are working at paid jobs and delaying marriage, or not marrying at all. More people are living alone.

Which of the following societies is correctly matched with the named custom? Multiple choice question. Nayar and zadruga Yanomami and parallel cousin marriage Moso and tisese Bosnia and tarawad

Moso and tisese

Among nonindustrial food producers (e.g. farmers and herders), a common and widespread unit of social organization is the Multiple choice question. nuclear family. zadruga. descent group. tarawad.

Moso marriages occur mostly in sparsely-populated mountain areas. Their dominant form of sexual and reproductive union is a visiting system. The Moso are matrilineal and prefer to live in matrilocal extended-family households.

Which of the following statements about bifurcate merging kinship terminology are true? Multiple select question. Mother and mother's sister are merged under the same term. Father and father's brother have different terms. The mother's side and father's side are split. Mother's brother and father's sister are merged under the same term.

Mother and mother's sister are merged under the same term. The mother's side and father's side are split.

Which of the following apply to ambilineal descent groups? Multiple select question. Membership is assigned automatically at birth. People can belong to the descent group of any or all of their grandparents. Membership is by choice. All members of the group descend from a common ancestor. They offer less flexibility than other types of descent groups.

People can belong to the descent group of any or all of their grandparents. Membership is by choice. All members of the group descend from a common ancestor.

Which of the following are true of the Nayar society of India? Multiple select question. Children felt a close relationship to their biological fathers. People lived in large compounds overseen by women. It is a society that follows a patriarchal type of organization. Men spent most of their time on military expeditions or living in a compound operated by their female relatives. Children were raised by everyone in the compound.

People lived in large compounds overseen by women. Men spent most of their time on military expeditions or living in a compound operated by their female relatives. Children were raised by everyone in the compound.

Because culture affects the way kinship is calculated, which of the following are true? Multiple select question. Kinship is socially constructed in nonindustrial societies but is no longer so in our own. Most societies have the same basic rules for determining who is a relative. People who are not blood relatives can sometimes be regarded socially as kin. Some societies do not consider all blood relatives to be part of the family. Some societies believe a child can have more than one biological father.

People who are not blood relatives can sometimes be regarded socially as kin. Some societies do not consider all blood relatives to be part of the family. Some societies believe a child can have more than one biological father.

Which of the following is an example demonstrating the modern form of bifurcate collateral kinship terminology? Multiple choice question. Greg refers to his father, his mother's brother, and his father's brother as "dad." Cindy refers to her father's sister and mother's sister as "aunt." Peter refers to his mother and his mother's sister by the same term, and they all live in the same village. Sachiko has a Japanese mother and an Anglo father. She calls her mother's sister "obachan" and her father's sister "aunt."

Sachiko has a Japanese mother and an Anglo father. She calls her mother's sister "obachan" and her father's sister "aunt."

Which of the following are true in the Muslim zadruga family system of Bosnia? Multiple select question. It was organized along the lines of a nuclear family style of organization. Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father. Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments. The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters. Women were in charge of the household and each nuclear family within it.

Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father. Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments. The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters.

Which of the following are true in the Muslim zadruga family system of Bosnia? Multiple select question. Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father. Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments. Women were in charge of the household and each nuclear family within it. It was organized along the lines of a nuclear family style of organization. The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters.

Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father. Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments. The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters.

Which of the following illustrate how a descent group typically manages its ancestral estate? Multiple select question. The elders sell the ancestral estate and share the proceeds among all living descendants. The descent group passes its estate down through the generations. A descent group typically hires outsiders to manage the estate, while young adult members of the group leave to set up their own homes elsewhere. Unilineal descent and unilocal postmarital residence ensure that about half the people born in each generation can spend their lives on the estate. Descent and residence rules require some members to continue living on the estate after marriage.

The descent group passes its estate down through the generations. Unilineal descent and unilocal postmarital residence ensure that about half the people born in each generation can spend their lives on the estate. Descent and residence rules require some members to continue living on the estate after marriage.

Which of the following are reasons anthropologists study kinship systems? Multiple select question. People in nonindustrial societies rarely consider kinship to be as important as friendship. Kinship systems are pretty much the same regardless of the adaptive strategy. The world's cultures display an interesting diversity in their kinship systems. Many societies are organized mainly by kinship. Kinship is important to the people being studied.

The world's cultures display an interesting diversity in their kinship systems. Many societies are organized mainly by kinship. Kinship is important to the people being studied.

Which of the following are true about the Moso of southwestern China and their tisese system? Multiple select question. The Moso are famous because of their system of same-sex marriage, called tisese. Most fathers play an important role in raising their offspring. Their dominant form of sexual and reproductive union is a visiting system. The Moso are matrilineal and prefer to live in matrilocal extended-family households. Moso marriages occur mostly in sparsely-populated mountain areas.

Their dominant form of sexual and reproductive union is a visiting system. The Moso are matrilineal and prefer to live in matrilocal extended-family households. Moso marriages occur mostly in sparsely-populated mountain areas.

Which of the following describe a nuclear family? Multiple select question. Usually its members live together in the same household. It includes parents. Its members rarely see each other. It includes children. It includes aunts and uncles.

Usually its members live together in the same household. It includes parents. It includes children.

What might one expect in a generational kinship system? Multiple choice question. You would refer to your father and uncle by different terms. You would refer to your brother as "dad." You would refer to your aunt and your mother by the same term. You would refer to your father and mother by the same term.

You would refer to your aunt and your mother by the same term.

Which of the following would be considered nuclear families? Multiple select question. a same-sex couple and their children a group of close friends who live together and call each other family a household that includes aunts, uncles, and cousins the family formed when a person marries and has children the family a person was born into, including his/her parents and siblings

a same-sex couple and their children the family formed when a person marries and has children the family a person was born into, including his/her parents and siblings

A clan believes that all its members are descended from an intelligent coyote or another animal or plant. This is an example of Multiple choice question. patrilocality. unilineal descent. a totem. a local descent group.

a totem.

A genealogical kin type is Multiple select question. a way of specifying the exact relationship between two people in a family. designated by letters and symbols on genealogical charts. a way of describing social classes in a society. a way of describing a large group of relatives, such as cousins. more specific than a kin term.

a way of specifying the exact relationship between two people in a family. designated by letters and symbols on genealogical charts. more specific than a kin term.

Relatives by marriage, whether of lineals or of collaterals, are known as

affinals

Compared with industrial societies, foraging societies Multiple select question. have little geographic mobility. also emphasize the nuclear family. are more rigid and stratified. are less socially complex. are also geographically mobile.

also emphasize the nuclear family. are less socially complex. are also geographically mobile.

Generational kinship terminology would likely be found in societies with Multiple choice question. unilineal descent. patrilocal postmarital residence. ambilineal descent. matrilineal descent.

ambilineal descent.

Generational kinship terminology would likely be found in societies with Multiple choice question. unilineal descent. patrilocal postmarital residence. matrilineal descent. ambilineal descent.

ambilineal descent.

The family of procreation includes which of the following? Multiple select question. an individual's children an individual's spouse an individual's siblings an individual's parents

an individual's children an individual's spouse

The family of procreation includes which of the following? Multiple select question. an individual's parents an individual's spouse an individual's children an individual's siblings

an individual's spouse an individual's children

What is the term for the ancestor who stands at the top of a common genealogy? Multiple choice question. systemic retroactive heterogeneous apical

apical

In the Bible, Jews and Arabs both descended from Abraham. This makes Abraham the ______ of both Jews and Arabs. Multiple choice question. demonstrated descendant apical ancestor matrilineal ancestor clan grandfather

apical ancestor

To endure, descent groups need to keep at least some of their members Multiple choice question. at home. at a distance. in the estate's business. in profitable jobs or professions.

at home.

Which of the following are the basic social units of traditional foraging societies? Multiple select question. circle of friends expanded family band nuclear family

band nuclear family

What is the kinship terminology that splits the mother's side and the father's side but combines same-sex siblings of each parent? Multiple choice question. generational kinship terminology bifurcate merging kinship terminology bifurcate collateral kinship terminology lineal kinship terminology

bifurcate merging kinship terminology

People who belong to the same descent group Multiple select question. claim to have the same ancestors. usually marry other members of that descent group. look alike despite the fact that they don't really share any genetic ancestry. can live in more than one community.

claim to have the same ancestors. can live in more than one community.

A is usually larger than a lineage.

clan

If people can name their forebears in each generation from the apical ancestor through the present, they have what kind of descent? Multiple choice question. apiculated demonstrated stipulated ancestrated

demonstrated

In a matrilineal society, the man does which of the following? Multiple select question. depends on his sisters' children to continue his family lineage cares for his sisters and their children as well as for his own wife and children adopts his nieces and nephews, so that they all belong to the same descent group is often concerned that his wife might be promiscuous requires his wife to come and live with him on his father's estate

depends on his sisters' children to continue his family lineage cares for his sisters and their children as well as for his own wife and children is often concerned that his wife might be promiscuous

Among nonindustrial food producers (e.g. farmers and herders), a common and widespread unit of social organization is the Multiple choice question. tarawad. nuclear family. zadruga. descent group.

descent group.

In the Nayar matrilineal society of India, Multiple choice question. a child's biological father was the most important person in his life. women were controlled by domineering men. marriage was a cherished institution, and women planned their lives around it. descent was traced through the family of the mother, not the father.

descent was traced through the family of the mother, not the father.

With unilineal descent, groups typically trace their ancestry through Multiple choice question. the male line only. the female line only. a complex system involving both male and female lines. either the female or the male line.

either the female or the male line.

What is the term for marrying outside one's own group? Multiple choice question. polygamy matrimonial choice exogamy monogamy

exogamy

In North American society, which of the following is often the only well-defined kin group? Multiple choice question. tribe family of procreation extended family descent group

family of procreation

Which of the following are the main ways of classifying kin on the parental generation? Multiple select question. generational bifurcate collateral lineal bifurcate merging collateral direct affinal

generational bifurcate collateral lineal bifurcate merging

The kinship terminology that uses the same term for parents and their siblings and uses just two parental kin terms is known as Multiple choice question. bifurcate merging kinship terminology. generational kinship terminology. lineal kinship terminology. bifurcate collateral kinship terminology.

generational kinship terminology.

The _____ associated with industrialism works to fragment kinship groups larger than the nuclear family. Multiple choice question. stress of work geographic mobility declining importance of religion higher educational levels

geographic mobility

In which of the following types of societies is descent-group organization characteristic? Multiple select question. horticultural pastoral technological agricultural postindustrial industrial

horticultural pastoral agricultural

A person's family of orientation Multiple choice question. includes all a person's blood relatives who have similar personalities. can include people such as college roommates who live with the individual and share similar goals and interests. is the family in which that person is born and grows up. includes a person's entire circle of friends.

is the family in which that person is born and grows up.

A person's family of orientation Multiple choice question. includes all a person's blood relatives who have similar personalities. is the family in which that person is born and grows up. can include people such as college roommates who live with the individual and share similar goals and interests. includes a person's entire circle of friends.

is the family in which that person is born and grows up.

In the United States, most people believe in bilateral kinship, which means Multiple choice question. people who are not blood relatives can be accepted as part of the family anyway. they enjoy one side of the family more than the other. sisters and brothers are as important as a spouse or parents. kin links are traced equally through males and females, with each perceived to be similar or equivalent.

kin links are traced equally through males and females, with each perceived to be similar or equivalent.

The social construction of illustrates considerable diversity and understanding its systems has become an essential part of anthropology because of the importance of those systems to the people we study.

kinship

The system that people in a particular society use to recognize and categorize kinship relationships is called Multiple choice question. family dynamics. maternal testimony. kinship calculation. lineage group order.

kinship calculation.

The system that people in a particular society use to recognize and categorize kinship relationships is called Multiple choice question. maternal testimony. kinship calculation. family dynamics. lineage group order.

kinship calculation.

In a patrilineal society, a woman typically does which of the following? Multiple select question. lives with her birth family and her husband and children leaves home when she marries raises her children in her husband's community depends on her brother to help care for her children to ensure the continuation of the family line has reduced responsibility toward her parents and siblings, compared with toward her husband, children, and in-laws

leaves home when she marries raises her children in her husband's community has reduced responsibility toward her parents and siblings, compared with toward her husband, children, and in-laws

A kin term is Multiple select question. less specific than a genealogical kin type. often used in a broad sense that encompasses several individuals. a word that describes a stranger. a word that describes a relative. more specific than a genealogical kin type.

less specific than a genealogical kin type. often used in a broad sense that encompasses several individuals. a word that describes a relative.

The basic rule for inclusion in a unilineal descent group is that Multiple choice question. you must be male. you must pass a DNA test. lifetime membership is automatically given to each child born to a parent who belongs to that group. you must produce genealogical records proving a biological relationship to the group.

lifetime membership is automatically given to each child born to a parent who belongs to that group.

The difference between a clan and a lineage is Multiple choice question. members of a lineage always live together, while clan members never do. lineage membership is demonstrated, whereas clan membership is only claimed (stipulated). a clan always descends from one common ancestor, whereas a lineage does not. a lineage is much larger than a clan.

lineage membership is demonstrated, whereas clan membership is only claimed (stipulated).

Anyone on the direct line of descent that leads to and from ego, such as an ancestor or descendant, is known as a(n) ______ relative. Multiple choice question. bifurcate collateral affinal lineal

lineal

The kinship classification system used in societies such as the United States and Canada, in which the nuclear family is the most important group based on kinship, is known as the Multiple choice question. affinal kinship system. functional explanation. nuclear system. lineal system.

lineal system.

Any branch of a descent group that lives in one place is a _____ descent group. Multiple choice question. matrilocal kinship local branch

local

What is the term for your closest female relatives on your mother's side? Multiple choice question. patrikin procreation mechanism matrikin

matrikin

When people join their mothers' groups automatically at birth and are lifetime members, they are practicing what kind of descent? Multiple choice question. matrilineal patrilineal ambilineal collateral

matrilineal

If married couples live in the wives' mothers' communities, they are practicing what? Multiple choice question. matrilocality mulilocality patrilocality ecolocality

matrilocality

A taxonomy developed over generations by the people who live in a particular society is known as which type of taxonomy or typology? Multiple choice question. native collateral heterogeneous foreign

native

Unlike middle-class couples in industrial nations, foragers don't usually reside .

neolocally

Setting up a residence some distance away from parents ("neolocality") Multiple select question. often results from moving to where a desirable job is located. is rare in societies that emphasize the nuclear family. is characteristic of many industrial societies. is a common pattern for middle-class couples in the United States. has been a rite of passage among most societies throughout human history.

often results from moving to where a desirable job is located. is characteristic of many industrial societies. is a common pattern for middle-class couples in the United States.

Although the nuclear family remains a cultural ideal in the United States, approximately how many U.S. households actually fall into this category? Multiple choice question. one in four one in ten one in five one in three

one in five

How long does a nuclear family last? Multiple choice question. forever until the parents or the children die only as long as the parents and children remain together until the children have children of their own

only as long as the parents and children remain together

In a Muslim zadruga family system, people were most apt to socialize with Multiple choice question. friends outside the household. others of the same age and gender. their spouses. their parents or children.

others of the same age and gender.

In a Muslim zadruga family system, people were most apt to socialize with Multiple choice question. others of the same age and gender. their spouses. friends outside the household. their parents or children.

others of the same age and gender.

In which of the following types of societies is descent-group organization characteristic? Multiple select question. technological pastoral agricultural postindustrial horticultural industrial

pastoral agricultural horticultural

When people join their fathers' groups automatically at birth and are lifetime members, they are practicing what kind of descent? Multiple choice question. patrilineal collateral ambilineal matrilineal

patrilineal

A married couple resides in the community where the husband's father lives, so that their children can grow up there. This is an example of Multiple choice question. stipulated descent. a clan society. patrilocality. matrilocality.

patrilocality.

Which of the following reflect trends in the United States, Canada, and other industrial nations since 1980? Multiple select question. smaller families larger living units larger families smaller living units

smaller families smaller living units

Who uses the bifurcate merging kinship system? Multiple choice question. societies with unilineal descent rules and patrilocal postmarital residence rules societies with ambilineal descent rules and matrilocal postmarital residence rules societies with lineal descent rules and no postmarital residence rules societies with unilineal descent rules and unilocal postmarital residence rules

societies with unilineal descent rules and unilocal postmarital residence rules

Of the four kin classification systems, bifurcate collateral kinship terminology is the most Multiple choice question. easily understood. basic. specific.

specific.

A man belongs to a clan that says all its members are descended from a fabled king who lived ten thousand years ago and was the son of a mermaid. This is an example of ______ descent. Multiple choice question. stipulated patrilineal matrilineal ambilineal

stipulated

If people claim they are descended from certain people, but they don't try to specify actual genealogical links generation by generation, they are claiming what kind of descent? Multiple choice question. ancestrated demonstrated apiculated stipulated

stipulated

What is the term for residential compounds in the Nayar society of southern India? Multiple choice question. tarawads hogans mausoleums kibbutzim

tarawads

As used in anthropology, ego means Multiple choice question. the sense of pride that people feel regarding their families. who a person really is, behind the public face that many of us wear. the selfish tendencies that cause people to believe that they and their kin are more important than others. the person whose family is being shown.

the person whose family is being shown.

As used in anthropology, ego means Multiple choice question. who a person really is, behind the public face that many of us wear. the selfish tendencies that cause people to believe that they and their kin are more important than others. the person whose family is being shown. the sense of pride that people feel regarding their families.

the person whose family is being shown.

North Americans may lack close ties with relatives beyond their nuclear families because Multiple choice question. there are many immigrants, who may not value marriage and the family as much as native-born Americans do. their parents are divorced, which shatters the family unit. North Americans do not care very much about family relationships. they are geographically mobile, living near their jobs instead of family.

they are geographically mobile, living near their jobs instead of family.

In North America, when several people who are related but not a nuclear family live together in one house, it is most often because Multiple choice question. they have peculiar religious or cultural beliefs that require the family to stay together. they have such large houses and so much land that many family members are required to take care of everything. they cannot afford to maintain individual, independent homes. they are so fond of each other that they want to stay together as much as possible.

they cannot afford to maintain individual, independent homes.

In the lineal kinship system, the number 3 and the color light blue stand for the term Multiple choice question. aunt. mother. uncle. father.

uncle.

Statistics suggest that the growing isolation from kin in the United States might be Multiple choice question. caused by the legalization of gay marriage. a temporary phase, with no long-lasting social effects. unprecedented in human history. a natural and beneficial trend that occurs in every civilization.

unprecedented in human history.

In bifurcate collateral kinship terminology, the residence rule is Multiple choice question. unilocal. neolocal. varied. ambilocal.

varied.

Matrilateral skewing most often takes place in which of the following situations? Multiple select question. when children are adopted when the wife manages more of the family's affairs than the husband does when children are raised by the mother without the father when children are raised by the father without the mother

when the wife manages more of the family's affairs than the husband does when children are raised by the mother without the father

Which is NOT a lineal relative? Multiple choice question. your daughter your brother your grandmother your father

your brother

Who is a collateral relative? Multiple choice question. your mother your grandson your uncle your great-granddaughter

your uncle

When comparing family relationships in the United States and Brazil, we notice which of the following? Multiple select question. Brazilians do not regard their spouse as a member of their family, whereas Americans do. Brazilians consider their marriage relationships more important than their relationships with members of their birth families. Brazilians value spouses and children more than North Americans do. A Brazilian's family includes his/her parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and children. Because middle-class Americans normally lack a readily available extended family support system, marriage assumes more importance.

Brazilians do not regard their spouse as a member of their family, whereas Americans do. A Brazilian's family includes his/her parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and children. Because middle-class Americans normally lack a readily available extended family support system, marriage assumes more importance.

Which of the following are true of the Nayar society of India? Multiple select question. It is a society that follows a patriarchal type of organization. Children were raised by everyone in the compound. Men spent most of their time on military expeditions or living in a compound operated by their female relatives. People lived in large compounds overseen by women. Children felt a close relationship to their biological fathers.

Children were raised by everyone in the compound. Men spent most of their time on military expeditions or living in a compound operated by their female relatives. People lived in large compounds overseen by women.

Which of the following are traits of a foraging society such as the Shoshoni? Multiple select question. Couples and families can move from one band to another. A married couple joins a band in which at least one of them has relatives. Bands tend to be more stable than their component nuclear families. The band strictly controls what people do with their time each day. Married couples don't usually reside neolocally.

Couples and families can move from one band to another. A married couple joins a band in which at least one of them has relatives. Married couples don't usually reside neolocally.

Membership in an ambilineal descent group is automatic, based on the father's line of ancestry.

False

Which is the best rationale for the bifurcate merging kinship system? Multiple choice question. Father and father's brother belong to the same descent group and live in the same patrilocal group. Mother and father belong to the same descent group. Father and father's mother belong to the same descent group and live in the mother's matrilocal group. Mother and mother's sister belong to the same descent group and live in separate patrilocal groups.

Father and father's brother belong to the same descent group and live in the same patrilocal group.

What does "ego" mean in Latin? Multiple choice question. mine head I or me perspective

I or me

Which is the best rationale for the bifurcate merging kinship system? Multiple choice question. Father and father's mother belong to the same descent group and live in the mother's matrilocal group. Father and father's brother belong to the same descent group and live in the same patrilocal group. Mother and mother's sister belong to the same descent group and live in separate patrilocal groups. Mother and father belong to the same descent group.

It has separate terms for each of the six kin types of the parental generation. It is not as common as the other kin classification systems. Many of the societies that use it are offshoots of the same ancestral group.

Which of the following describe an extended family? Multiple select question. It includes relatives by marriage but not relatives who share genetic material. It includes neighbors who live close by but are not related by blood. It includes three or more generations. It includes relatives who might not live in the same house. Typically the members get together for occasional family gatherings.

It includes three or more generations. It includes relatives who might not live in the same house. Typically the members get together for occasional family gatherings.

Which of the following are true of generational kinship terminology? Multiple select question. It distinguishes between the mother's and father's sides. It merges the mother's and father's sides, for example using just one term for father, father's brother, and mother's brother. It uses the same term for parents and their siblings. It uses only two terms for the parental generation.

It merges the mother's and father's sides, for example using just one term for father, father's brother, and mother's brother. It uses the same term for parents and their siblings. It uses only two terms for the parental generation.

Which of the following are reasons anthropologists study kinship systems? Multiple select question. Kinship is important to the people being studied. People in nonindustrial societies rarely consider kinship to be as important as friendship. The world's cultures display an interesting diversity in their kinship systems. Kinship systems are pretty much the same regardless of the adaptive strategy. Many societies are organized mainly by kinship.

Kinship is important to the people being studied. The world's cultures display an interesting diversity in their kinship systems. Many societies are organized mainly by kinship.

Which of the following statements regarding bifurcate collateral terminology are true? Multiple select question. It is not as common as the other kin classification systems. It has separate terms for each of the six kin types of the parental generation. It is the most common type of kin classification system in North America. It is the least specific of the four kin classification systems. Many of the societies that use it are offshoots of the same ancestral group.

Many of the societies that use it are offshoots of the same ancestral group. It has separate terms for each of the six kin types of the parental generation. It is not as common as the other kin classification systems.