Chapter 10

A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should result in a loss of approximately ________ of body fat per week. 0.25 pound 1 pound 3 pounds 4 pounds

1 pound

Which of the following represents a BMI range considered to be healthy for most adult men and women 10-14 15-18 19-24 25-30

19-24

Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation? MRI DEXA TOBEC BIA

DEXA

The ratio of body weight to height is represented as body composition. basal metabolic rate. bioelectrical impedance. body mass index.

BMI

The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is your exercise pattern. what you had for breakfast. your lean body mass. environmental temperature.

your lean body mass.

A fad diet for weight loss can result in quick weight loss. usually fails because habits are not changed. may be nutritionally inadequate. All of these choices are correct.

all

A sound program for weight reduction should include control of total energy intake. increased physical activity. modification of food habits. All of these choices are correct.

all

A weight-loss program is probably a fad diet if it recommends expensive nutrient supplements. uses testimonials from famous people to promote the diet. promotes quick weight loss. guarantees weight-loss success for everyone. All of these choices are accurate.

all

Before recommending treatment for obesity, the health professional should assess current health status. take a family history of obesity-related disease. determine fat distribution in the patient. All of these choices are accurate.

all

By keeping a detailed food diary, the individual who is trying to lose weight can discover emotions that lead to poor eating habits. social influences affecting eating and food choices. external cues that lead to overeating. All of these choices are accurate.

all

Eating disorders frequently co-occur with which of the following psychological disorders? depression substance abuse anxiety disorders All of these choices are accurate.

all

Maintenance of weight loss is fostered by eating breakfast. having a regular exercise plan. self-monitoring. All of these responses are correct.

all

Repeated self-induced vomiting may cause tears in the esophagus. stomach ulcers. electrolyte imbalances. tooth demineralization. All of these choices are correct.

all

The semi-starvation of anorexia nervosa results in many physiological changes, such as decreased basal metabolism. lanugo. iron-deficiency anemia. dry, scaly, cold skin. All of these choices are accurate.

all

To calculate basal energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, one needs information about the individual's age. weight. height. gender. All of these choices are accurate.

all

To counteract the binge, the bulimic patient may induce vomiting. take laxatives. over-exercise. All of these choices are accurate

all

A factor that can decrease BMR is consuming a low-energy diet. having a high fever. long endurance exercise. being pregnant.

consuming a low-energy diet.

Lanugo is a substitute for missing adipose tissue. an insulator of body organs. fine downy hair covering the body. cessation of the menstrual cycle.

fine downy hair covering the body.

The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs). jaw wiring. gastroplasty. commercial weight-loss programs.

gastroplasty.

The set-point theory proposes that body temperature determines how many calories are burned. humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat. metabolism can be reset at different stages of life. None of these choices are accurate.

humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat.

Satiety is largely regulated by the pituitary gland. cerebral cortex. hypothalamus. liver.

hypothalamus.

The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves isolation from the family and forced tube feeding. dietary counseling on an outpatient basis by a registered dietitian. inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family. use of diuretics.

inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family.

A weight-reduction program can be considered successful only when the weight loss exceeds 10% of starting weight. is maintained. results in a BMI of below 25. All of these choices are correct.

is maintained.

When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy is stored as fat in adipose tissue. increases the thermic effect of food. increases the basal metabolic rate. is excreted in the urine

is stored as fat in adipose tissue.

A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight, but on amount of lean body tissue. energy intake versus energy expenditure. body size of family members. total amount of body fat, location of body fat, and presence or absence of weight-related medical problems.

total amount of body fat, location of body fat, and presence or absence of weight-related medical problems.

How many calories are in one pound of fat? 2500 3500 4500 5500

3500

Lee Brown is a 23-year-old college student. Which of these would indicate that he is at risk for chronic diseases associated with obesity? BMI of 22 BMI of 24 → 41-inch waist 31-inch waist

41

The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years) of non-surgical weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults. 40% 5% 25% 0%

5%

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day. 5% to 10% 11% to 15% 16% to 20% 50%

5-10

Of the following males, who would have the lowest BMR? 6-year-old 16-year-old 46-year-old 76-year-old

76

Which hormone increases in the blood immediately following consumption of a meal? Cholecystokinin Ghrelin Epinephrine Glucagon

Cholecystokinin

Kevin wants to treat himself to a hot fudge sundae whenever he has a stressful day. He decides that a more appropriate response to a stressful day would be a brisk walk. Which of the following behavior modification techniques has he used? Cognitive restructuring Self-monitoring Contingency management Stimulus control

Cognitive restructuring

A body mass index of 40 represents no health risk. possible health risk. a high risk for health problems. a value that is not on the nomogram.

a high risk for health problems.

Hunger can be defined as starvation. a physiological drive to find and eat food. a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine. a psychological drive to eat.

a physiological drive to find and eat food.

Bulimic patients often have a problem with recognizing nutritious food choices. eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight. obesity. an inability to control responses to impulse and desire.

an inability to control responses to impulse and desire.

A condition of self-induced semi-starvation is called bulimia. anorexia nervosa. kwashiorkor. baryophobia.

anorexia nervosa.

The body's total daily energy expenditure includes basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity. basal metabolic rate, height and weight. body mass index, food intake and number of hours a person sleeps. none of these choices are correct.

basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity.

The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest, awake, and in a non-absorptive state is called resting metabolism. thermogenesis. thermic effect. basal metabolism.

basal metabolism

For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for physical activity. basal metabolism. thermic effect of food. None of these choices are correct.

basal metabolism.

The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of weight. body fat. body water. body protein.

body fat

Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet increases BMR by about 10% to 20%. decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%. has no effect on BMR.

decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%.

Bioelectrical impedance assesses body composition based on the principle that atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body. adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue. electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue. fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium.

electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue.

All of the following are useful behavior modification principles for weight control EXCEPT eliminating favorite foods from one's diet. working out with a friend. recording eating behaviors to identify situations that contribute to overeating. shopping from a grocery list.

eliminating favorite foods from one's diet.

A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that causes a person to expend higher-than-average energy at rest. enables a person to store fat readily. enables a person to expend fat readily. None of these choices are accurate.

enables a person to store fat readily.

The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood. is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens. is that anorexic patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder. is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food.

is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food.

All the following are true statements about basal metabolism except it supports the work that goes on in the body all the time. it is the amount of calories you need to sustain life . it is the sum total of all involuntary activities necessary to sustain life. it accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure.

it accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure.

The best way to handle a situation in which you "go off" your meal plan for weight loss is to go ahead and eat anything you want. skip eating tomorrow. assume lapses will occur and re-establish the program but feel guilty. learn from the experience by identifying triggers so that a repeat can be avoided.

learn from the experience by identifying triggers so that a repeat can be avoided.

The primary intent of gastroplasty is to speed transit time. limit stomach volume. prevent snacking. All of these choices are correct.

limit stomach volume.

Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of loss of body fat as insulation. lack of appropriate clothing as the person tries to show off his/her extreme thinness. increased synthesis of the thyroid hormone. wearing baggy clothes.

loss of body fat as insulation.

Compared to men, the basal metabolic rate of women is lower. higher. no different.

lower

The major health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is potassium imbalance. constipation. lanugo. swollen glands.

potassium imbalance.

Anorexia nervosa can be defined as compulsive eating. purging. hyperactivity. psychological denial of appetite.

psychological denial of appetite.

Eating disorders not otherwise specified are not really an eating disorder but more of a perception of having one. occur when a person can't decide whether to become an anorexic or bulimic. refers to a broad category that includes symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia. None of the answers are correct.

refers to a broad category that includes symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia.

Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view is an example of cognitive restructuring. chain-breaking. self-monitoring. stimulus control.

stimulus control.