Chapter 10
What would happen to a person whose body is unable to produce a sufficient amount of gonadotropins? A. The person will be unable to produce steroid hormones. B. The person will not undergo sexual maturation. C. The person will become diabetic. D. The person will have an increased heart rate.
B. The person will not undergo sexual maturation.
A rise in the concentration of solutes in the blood or a fall in the blood volume will cause the release of __________. A. glucocorticoids B. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C. prolactin (PRL) D. triiodothyronine (T3)
B. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
One aspect of the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome is an inability to produce glucocorticoids. Which effect would be predicted as a result of insufficient quantities of glucocorticoids? A. Conversion of glucose into lipids B. Drop in blood sodium levels C. Drop in blood glucose levels D. Depressed immune response
C. Drop in blood glucose levels
Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the A. thymus gland. B. posterior pituitary. C. anterior pituitary. D. suprarenal gland. E. testes.
C. anterior pituitary.
Which of the following stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex? A. FSH B. TSH C. ADH D. ACTH
D. ACTH
Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla in response to being rear-ended at a stop sign? A. Epinephrine B. ADH C. ACTH D. Glucagon
A. Epinephrine
Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone? A. aldosterone B. thymosin C. renin D. erythropoietin E. cortisol
A. aldosterone
You are a 24-year-old woman who loves to run about 5 miles per day, every day. You are eating regularly and have the stamina to run long distances, but you are very slender. One of the problems that you might likely experience would be: A. becoming pregnant. B. erratic sodium blood levels. C. fluctuating blood glucose levels. D. vision-related. E. a heart attack.
A. becoming pregnant.
Consider the stress response. Unlike the resistance phase, the alarm phase ________. A. involves the activation of the "fight or flight" response B. is not part of the stress response C. involves the endocrine system D. involves the parasympathetic nervous system
A. involves the activation of the "fight or flight" response
The hormone oxytocin A. is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. B. governs the ovarian cycle. C. reduces uterine contractions. D. regulates blood pressure. E. stimulates melanocytes in the skin
A. is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex.
Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? A. melatonin B. growth hormone C. prolactin D. oxytocin E. ADH
A. melatonin
The endocrine system A. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells. B. produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. C. is regulated mainly by positive feedback. D. releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. E. is not involved in homeostasis.
A. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
Sort each item to its correct phase of the general adaptation syndrome. - Alarm phase - Resistance Phase - Exhaustion Phase Word Bank: - Increased sweat gland secretion - Glucose conservation - Collapse of vital systems - Immediate short term responses to stress, or crisis - Failure of electrolyte balance - Blood volume maintenance - Inability to produce glucocorticoids - Reduced digestive system activity - Long term metabolic adjustments
Alarm phase: - Increased sweat gland secretion - Reduced digestive system activity - Immediate short term responses to stress, or crisis Resistance Phase: - Glucose conservation - Long term metabolic adjustments - Blood volume maintenance Exhaustion Phase: - Collapse of vital systems - Inability to produce glucocorticoids - Failure of electrolyte balance
Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes which of the following effects? A. sperm production B. ovulation C. production of milk D. promotion of follicle and egg development
B. ovulation
The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n) A. synergistic effect. B. permissive effect. C. opposing effect. D. integrative effect. E. antagonistic effect.
B. permissive effect.
Lisinopril is a drug that directly blocks angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), leading to lower levels of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone. What is the expected result from taking this drug? A. Mobilization of energy reserves B. Increased glucose conservation C. Lowered blood pressure D. Increased mental alertness
C. Lowered blood pressure
Steroid hormones A. function by way of a second messenger system. B. function by activating cAMP. C. bind to intracellular receptors. D. bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. E. cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane.
C. bind to intracellular receptors.
Which statement is FALSE? A. Hormonal secretion is controlled through negative feedback mechanisms. B. Free hormones can be broken down by enzymes in the body fluids. C. Hormones attached to special transport proteins remain in circulation longer than free hormones. D. All amino acid-derivative hormones are able to circulate freely within the blood.
D. All amino acid-derivative hormones are able to circulate freely within the blood.
Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? A. thymosin B. erythropoietin C. glucagon D. atrial natriuretic peptide E. aldosterone
D. atrial natriuretic peptide
Which hormone is NOT matched with its function? A. ADH: water reabsorption by the kidneys B. prolactin: producing milk C. insulin: lowering blood glucose levels D. melatonin: producing skin color
D. melatonin: producing skin color
The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of A. direct mechanical control. B. releasing and inhibiting hormones. C. altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. D. neural axons, directly. E. gap junctions.
D. neural axons, directly.
Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? A. In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division. B. GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. C. Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. D. Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. E. GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.
E. GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.
Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? A. No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract. B. Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure. C. Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions. D. No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium. E. Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident.
E. Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident.
Which statement is true about the adrenal glands? A. The main hormone of the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine. B. The hormones of the adrenal cortex rely on control by the autonomic nervous system. C. The adrenal androgen hormones are found only in males. D. The adrenal cortex regulates the adrenal medulla. E. The adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, and glucose blood levels.
E. The adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, and glucose blood levels.
Which statement is true about the pituitary? A. The alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum. B. The anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary. C. The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary only. D. The pituitary glands, both anterior and posterior, control every other endocrine gland. E. The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells.
E. The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells.