Chapter 10
Measurement error is best defined as: a. the difference between the nominal score and the observed score. b. the difference between the true score and the ordinal score. c. the difference between the true score and the observed score. d. the difference between the expected score and the real score.
C
There are four categories that are used to describe ___________: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. a. scale b. survey c. measurement d. data
C
When the nurse researcher is conducting an interview for a qualitative study the research will ensure the questions follow which of the following formats: a. Structured questions requiring short succinct answers b. Structured questions requiring yes or no questions c. Open ended questions allowing the interviewee to provide in-depth information d. Open ended questions with no guidance keeping them aligned with the study purpose
C
When using a questionnaire, the researcher should include only essential questions for which of the following reasons? a. Shorter questionnaires get more accurate results. b. Shorter questionnaires are more accurate. c. Shorter questionnaires are more likely to be completed. d. Shorter questionnaires are easier to understand.
C
An instrument with reported Cronbach's alpha of .65 good reliability. True False
False
Face validity is the strongest method to establish validity. True False
False
Instruments are considered to be reliable when researchers obtain consistent measurements on the second use. • True • False
False
Validity is concerned with an instrument obtaining accurate and repeatable measures. True False
False
When collecting data via the internet, the rights of human subjects can be ignored because the web is a public domain. True False
False
35. Nurse should not speculate about the treatments subjects receive in a blinded RCT. True False
True
Content validity is established by having a panel of experts review the instruments. True False
True
Data collection instruments should have codes rather than subject names to ensure anonymity. True False
True
Equivalence, internal consistency, and stability are tested to ensure instrument reliability. True False
True
The main data collection methods used in quantitative research include questionnaires, observation, scales, and physiological measures. • True • False
True
There are two ways researchers test for content validity: face validity and content validity. • True • False
True
Continuous data is best defined as: a. Interval or ratio-level data that use a continuum of numeric values with equal intervals b. Nominal or ordinal data that use a continuum of numeric values with equal intervals c. Categorical data that use a continuum of numeric values with equal intervals d. Levels of measurement data that use a continuum of numeric values with equal intervals
A
Internal consistency is best defined as: a. Attribute of reliability when all items on an instrument measure the same concept b. Attribute of reliability where alternate forms of an instrument or alternate raters are in agreement c. When instruments render the same scores with repeated measures under the same circumstances d. Test for instrument reliability when new instruments are given at two different times under the same conditions
A
The research nurse is aware that interrater reliability must also be established when more than one person is involved in making observations; how is interrater reliability best defined? a. is the extent to which two or more individual raters agree b. is the extent to which two or more individual study participants agree c. the reliability of the final data collection and interpretation d. the reliability of the entire study design including data collection
A
This type of data is the lowest level of measurement whereby data are categorized simply into groups. a. Categorical data b. Levels of measurement c. Nominal data d. Ordinal data
A
When planning for data collection the researcher should consider creating a timeline. What elements should be included in the timeline? a. The time consent is obtained to the completion of the data collection b. The time consent is obtained to the publication of the findings c. The first set of data collected to the last set of data collected d. The first set of data collected to publication of the findings
A
When sending out a research questionnaire, why should the researcher include a cover letter? a. Return rates increase with a cover letter b. Ethics improve with a cover letter c. Data is more easily generalized with a cover letter d. Findings are more generalizable with a cover letter
A
Which of the following statements is true regarding the collection of qualitative data? a. Questionnaires are economical way to collect anonymous data b. Researchers can probe for more data when using questionnaires than when using interviews c. Focus groups can be led by anyone interested in the subject d. Researchers should never interact with individuals they are observing
A
There are benefits of using questionnaires in quantitative research. Which of the following are potential benefits? a. Inexpensive b. Easily collect data from large number or respondents c. Ensures high response rates d. Easy to code and assess data
A, B
Which of the following are factors that may affect data collection? a. Participant availability b. Access to preexisting instruments c. Cost of collecting data d. Data processing software
A, B, C
24. Which of the following are advantages that questionnaires have out interviews (Select all that apply) a. Take less time to administer b. Provide for anonymity c. Allow for more in depth response d. Minimize socially desirable response
A, B, D
25. Which are the following are physiological measures? (select all that apply) a. Blood pressure b. Grades on an exam c. Digoxin levels d. Mini-mental state examination
A, C
What are the main types of measurement errors that can occur in a research study? (Select all that apply.) a. Random error b. Occurrence error c. Systematic error d. Measurement error
A, C
Match the terms: a. Nominal 1. Intake and output measurement b. Ordinal 2. pH of urine c. Interval 3. Type of Cancer d. Ratio 4. Strength of contractions (mild, moderate, strong)
A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1
A researcher is planning a quantitative study on blood pressure and will utilize five research assistants to collect data. To ensure best practice the researcher will use what format to train the research assistants? a. No specific training is required if all assistants know how to take a blood pressure. b. All assistants should receive consistent one-on-one training on data collection. c. All assistants should receive an email with data collection directions. d. All assistants will be trained by a healthcare professional in their area.
B
Convergent testing tests for which of the following? a. Hypothesis b. Construct validity c. Face validity d. Content validity
B
Researchers use nominal measurement to classify or categorize variables. Which of the following is an example of nominal measurement: a. Open ended questions with common themes coded b. Yes and No question responses given numerical value, 1 and 2 c. Open ended questions given numbers for length of answers d. Yes and No question responses given level value of low and high
B
The researcher understands that it is best to have a high rate of return on questionnaires because a low response rate can cause what problem with the study? a. Low response rates can cause unethical data because it is not fully representative b. Low response rates can lead to bias because samples may not be representative c. Low response rates can lead to skewed data because samples may not be representative d. Low response rates can create false positives in the data with limited responses
B
Which of the following should nurses consider when appraising qualitative data collection methods? (select all that apply) a. The cost of the study b. The setting of the study c. The ages of the data collectors d. The role of the researchers
B, D
Likert scales are best defined as: a. ordinal level scales containing seven open-ended questions focused on the topic. b. nominal level scales containing seven points on an agree or disagree continuum. c. ordinal level scales containing seven points on an agree or disagree continuum. d. nominal level scales containing seven open-ended questions focused on the topic.
C
The nurse researcher should create a timeline for any research study and be aware that data collection is generally: a. Completed easily and quickly b. Completed in the expected time frame c. Completed in half the expected time frame d. Completed in twice the expected time frame
D
_____ is best defined as highest level of measurement that involves numeric values that begin with an absolute zero and have equal intervals. a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio
D
