Chapter 10 and 16A-Viruses and Bacteria Study Questions
Prokaryotes are classified into
Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea
What is the function of reverse transcriptase?
It catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template.
Radiation is a frequent method of sterilization. It is effective because it causes damage to DNA. However, prions, the agents that cause diseases such as mad cow disease, are unaffected by these treatments because they lack DNA. What is the defintion of a prion? Why?
Prions are proteins that are folded incorrectly.
Reverse transcription, carried out by retroviruses, is the process by which _____.
RNA information is copied into DNA
Which of the following statements characterizes the lytic cycle of a viral infection?
The cycle typically leads to the lysis of the host cell.
Which of the following statements about treatment or prevention of a prion infection is true?
There is no known treatment or cure for prion infections.
lysogenic cycle
a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA
Methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles are examples of _____.
archaea
The prokaryotes most likely to be found living in extreme environments such as salt ponds or hot springs are _____.
archaea
Cyanobacteria
are the only prokaryotes with plantlike oxygen-generating photosynthesis.
The capsule and fimbriae function to _____.
attach cells to their substrate or to neighboring cells
E. coli bacteria, which live in human intestines, are shaped like tiny, straight sausages. They are _____.
bacilli
Rod-shaped bacteria are called
bacilli
A ___________________ is a virus that specifically infects bacteria.
bacteriophage
How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them?
by altering the plants' growth
The protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid of a virus is called a ___________.
capsid
Bacteria can quickly acquire new genes in a single generation through __________.
conjugation, transformation, and transduction
Conjugation, transformation, and transduction are all ways that bacteria
crease their genetic diversity.
The photoautotrophic prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a by-product are the _____. View Available Hint(s)
cyanobacteria
Prokaryotes found inhabiting the Great Salt Lake would be _____.
extreme halophiles
One difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is that
gram-positive bacteria have more peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Which of the following statements is false?
he lysogenic cycle typically results in the rapid lysis of all infected cells.
What is the source of a viral envelope?
host cell membrane
Conjugation
is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another.
The __________________ is a viral life cycle in which the virus inserts its genome into the genome of its host, where it may remain dormant for long periods.
lysogenic cycle
The phage reproductive cycle that kills the bacterial host cell is known as a _____ cycle.
lytic
The ______________ is a viral life cycle that results in bursting of the host cell.
lytic cycle
Which of the following is a member of the domain Archaea?
methanogens
Transduction
occurs when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another.
By far the most abundant and widespread organisms on Earth are the _____.
prokaryotes
A____________ is a viral genome that has inserted itself into the genome of its host.
prophage
Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____.
provirus
The lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection ends with the _____.
rupture of the bacterium
The genetic material of HIV consists of _____.
single-stranded RNA
Viroids are _____ molecules and are found in _____.
small circular RNA ... potatoes and other vegetables
The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is
symbiosis.
As a result of the lytic cycle, _____.
the host cell's DNA is destroyed
Viral DNA makes mRNA by the process of _____.
transcription
Although generally not considered to be alive, a _________ is studied alongside other microbes such as bacteria.
virus
During the lytic cycle, but not the lysogenic cycle, _____.
whole viruses leave the host cell to infect other cells
