Chapter 10 Bio

Collagen decreases flexibility of skin Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease in which repeated bouts of inflammation result in fibroblasts depositing excess collagen in the skin. Which of the following would be a symptom of scleroderma? Weakening of blood vessels in the skin. Less flexibility in the skin. Increased flexibility in the skin. Differentiation of skin epithelial cells into muscle cells. Differentiation of skin muscle cells into epithelial cells

Less flexibility in the skin.

The___ is flexible and allows cells to increase in size.

Primary cell wall

The____ of the ECM allows cartilage to resist compression

Strength

What are four functions of the ECM in animals?

Strength, structural support ,organization and cell signaling

What prevents large collagen fibers from forming intracellularly ?

The extension sequences of procollagen prevent fibers from forming intracelularly

Plant cells

Cell wall cellulose cross-linked glycans usually thick and ridgid

Function of collagen in blood vessels Our cells use vitamin C to make collagen. People on a vitamin C restricted diet have increased risk of small blood vessels rupturing. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? Collagen is required to strengthen the connective tissue surrounding blood vessels. Collagen is required to strengthen the connective tissue in the blood. Collagen inhibits blood clotting. Collagen causes blood vessels to become stiff and more likely to break. Collagen weakens the blood vessels.

Collagen is required to strengthen the connective tissue surrounding blood vessels.

Animal cells

Extracellular matrix collagen adhesive proteins cell signaling role

What structural features of GAGS and proteoglycans give them a gel-like character?

GAGS are highly negatively charged molecules that tend to attract positively charged ions and water their high water content gives GAGS a gel-like character, which makes then difficult to compress.

which of the following is not correct statement when comparing plant tissues and animal tissues? a.nervous tissue of animals plays the same role as vascular tissue in plants b. dermal tissue of plants is similar to epithelial tissue of animals in that both provide a coering for the organism. c. the epithelial tissue of animals and the dermal tissue of plants have special charateristices that limit the movement of materials between cell layers d. the ground tissue of plants and the connective tissue of animals provide structural support for the organism. E. the statement in b, c ,and d are correct comparisons between animal and plant tissues.

a.nervous tissue of animals plays the same role as vascular tissue in plants

The polysaccharide that forms the hard outer covering of many invertebrates is a. collagen b. chitin c. chondroitin sulfate d. pectin e. cellulose

b. chitin

the protein found in the ECM of animals that provides strength and resistance to tearing when stretched is a. elastin b. cellulose c. collagen d. laminin e. fibronectin

c. collagen

Animal cells attach to each other using____ proteins.

cell junction

The role of the ECM in sensing the environment is provided by its_______ function

cell signaling

The main component of the cell wall is _____.

cellulose

Support in animal cells is provided by___ tissue.

connective

the gap junctions of animal cells differ from the plasmoodesmata of the plant cells in that a.gap junctions serve as communicating junctions and plasmodesmata serve as anchoring junctions b.gap junctions prevent extracellular material from moving between cells but plasmodesmata do not. c. gap junctions alow for direct exchange of cellular material between cells but plamodesmata cannot alow the same tye of exchange d. gap junctions are formed by specialized proteins that form channeld through the membranes of adjacent cells but plasmodesmata are not formed by specialized proteins. e. all of the above are correct

d. gap junctions are formed by specialized proteins that form channeld through the membranes of adjacent cells but plasmodesmata are not formed by specialized proteins.

the tissue type common to animals that functions in the conduction of electrical signals is a.epithelial b. dermal c.muscle d.nervous e. ground

d.nervous

Leaves are covered by_____ tissue.

dermal

Scientists and doctors are interested in using human stem cells cultured in the lab to produce a variety of tissues for transplants, including blood, skin, muscle and nerve cells. To do this the stem cells must go through which process? Migration Differentiation Apoptosis Cell growth Cell division

differentiation

The function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals is a. to provide strength b. to provide structural support c.to organize cells and other body parts d.cell signaling e. all of the above

e. all of the above

the dilated state of plasmodesmata allows the passage of a. water b. ions c. small maolecules d. macromolecules and viruses e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following is involved in the process of tissue and organ formation in multicellular organisms a. cell division b. cell growth c.cell differentitation d.cell connections e. all of the above

e. all of the above

the extension sequence found in procollagen polypeptides a. causes procollagen to be synthesized into the ER umen b. causes procollagen to form a triple helix c. prevents procollagen from forming large collagen fibers d. causes procollagen to be secreted from the cell. e. both b and c are correct

e. both b and c are correct

a type of tissue that is rich in ECM or has cells with thick cell wall would be a.demal tissue in plants b. ground tissue in plants c.nervous tissue in animals d.conective tissues in animals e. both b and d

e. both b and d

In animals____ tissue forms lingings and surface coverings

epithelial

Cell connections called_____ help adjacent animal cells communicate.

gap junctions

Plant cell wall polysaccharides are made of repeating ______ molecules.

glucose

The____ provides considerable strength for the plant cell.

secondary cell wall

Plant cells are attached to each other by the _____.

middle lamella

Force is generated by___ tissue in animals

muscle

The ECM provides_____ for animal skeletons

structural support

Animal cells form close seals between cells using______.

tight junctions

Plants use___ tissue to transport materials between tissues.

vascular

the role of the ECM in cell____ is important for the attachment of tendons to bones

organization

In plants___ tissue carries out a bulk of the photosynthesis

parenchyma

Junctions called ____ permit communication between plant cells.

plasmodesmata

With regard to cell growth what would happen if the secondary cell wall was made too soon?

Because the secondary cell wall is usually rigid ,it prevents cell growth. If it were made too soon, it might prevent a cell from attaining its proper size.

suppose you started with an upstretched elastic fiber and treated it with a chemical that breaks the crosslinks between adjacent elastin proteins. what would happen when the fiber is stretched?

The proteins would become more linear, and the fiber would come apart.

Animal cells use ____ to attach to the extracellular matrix.

hemidesmosomes

In plants, ___ is a metabolite that hardens the wall.

lignin