Chapter 10 - Delivering Your Speech

What are the four steps into making yourself sound intelligible?

(1) Adjust your volume, (2) Control your rate, (3) Enunciate clearly, and (4) Meet standards of pronunciation.

What are the 3 things that influences your use of personal space?

(1) The formality of the occasion, (2) the nature of the material, and (3) your personal preference.

What are the three things that can be used in proxemics (meaning the speaker's space)?

(1) The more formal an occasion is the less space is used in a speech. (2) Props may also fill the speaker's space. (3) A podium may or may not fill the speaker's space.

What are the four areas of the speaker's control of physical behaviors?

(1) proxemics, (2) movement and stance, (3) facial expressions, and (4) gestures.

How do you adjust your volume (according to what)?

Adjust your volume according to the room you are speaking in and if you have a microphone or not.

When should you change the pitch in your voice?

Change pitch or frequency of sound in your voice focusing on level of sound, distance the sound travels, and variety of your sound.

How do you control your rate?

Control your rate by slowing down your speech and not rushing and jabbering where audience miss parts of your speech.

What is the speaker's body capable of doing during a speech?

During a speech a speaker's body can discloses their emotional state, enrich the message that comes through words, and can dictate responses from audience members such a smiles, frowns, nervousness, etc.

How do you enunciate clearly?

Enunciate or speak clearly by using your diaphragm, opening your mouths.

Define conventional gestures.

Everyday gestures like using your thumb for "ok".

(Selecting the Method of Delivery: The Extemporaneous Speech) Define extemporaneous speech.

Extemporaneous speech is one that is prepared in advance and presented from the abbreviated notes. (Traditional Speech).

(Selecting the Method of Delivery) What are the four different ways to deliver your speech?

Extemporaneous speech, impromptu speech, manuscript speech, and memorized speeches.

How do facial expressions help the audience? Give examples.

Facial expressions can also help an audience interpret the content of your message. E.g., are you being ironic? Satirical? is it the conclusion? are you being harsh? Pleasant?

What do facial expressions express? What are affect displays?

Facial expressions express the speaker's feelings through Affect Displays, or facial signals of emotion.

Define gestures.

Gestures are purposeful and expressive movements of the head, shoulders, arms, hands, and other parts of the body that give performative shape to ideas and add emotional intensity to human expressiveness.

Your voice is an instrument that helps convey what?

Helps convey the meaning of language.

(Selecting the Method of Delivery: The Impromptu Speech) Define impromptu speech.

Impromptu Speech is delivered on the spur of the moment with minimal preparation.

What does intelligibility refer to?

Intelligibility refers to the ease with which a listener can understand what you're saying.

What is enunciation?

It is precise word formation.

What is a sense of conversationality?

It is when our society prizes one essential vocal quality above all others.

(Selecting the Method of Delivery: The Manuscript Speech) Define manuscript speech.

Manuscript Speech is written out beforehand and then read from a script or teleprompter. (Used in radio and television)

How do you meet standards of pronunciation? Give an example.

Meet standards of pronunciation by pronouncing every word correctly. (E.g., do not pronounce the t in often.)

(Selecting the Method of Delivery: The Memorized Speech) Define memorized speech.

Memorized Speeches are speeches given from memory. (Wedding speeches, theatrical plays, comedians, etc.)

Define indicators.

Movement of the body expressing feeling such as throwing up the arms when disgusted.

Define descriptive gestures.

Movement that depicts shape, size, or location.

Define proxemics.

Proxemics is the use of space by human beings.

How is stress and pauses used effectively in speeches?

Stress in speech is used effectively to prove a point by accented sounds, syllable, and words. Pauses are used after to emphasize its importance.

Define stress.

Stress is the way in which sounds, syllables, and words are accented.

How does the speaker create a bond with their audience? What does this tell the audience about the speaker?

The speaker's eyes create a bond with their audience through eye contact, showing the audience the speaker is sincere, forthright, self-assured, etc.

The way a speaker moves and stands, including posture, offers what to the audience?

The way a speaker moves and stands also offers cues to audiences, including posture.

How many gestures are there? Name them.

There are three gestures: conventional, descriptive, and indicators.

What do pauses help you practice with?

They help you practice with voice control.

What does pauses replace?

They replace unintentional messages such as "um".

What are the two ways in which vocal stress is achieved?

Through vocal emphasis, and through the judicious use of pauses.

How are pauses used in speeches?

To create suspense.

How is variety produced?

Variety is produced by changes in the rate, pitch, stress, and pauses.

Define pausing for effect.

is when the speaker pauses before or after an important point to show its importance meanwhile avoiding um, ah, er, well-uh, you know, etc.

Define vocal emphasis.

is when you accent or attack words through increased volume, changes in pitch, or variations in rate.