Chapter 10 Exam (Ribs) Lab
Below-diaphragm ribs are better demonstrated when 1. respiration is suspended at the end of full exhalation 2. the patient is in the erect AP projection 3. the patient is in the recumbent position -3 only -1 and 3 only -1 and 2 only -1 only -1, 2 and 3
1 and 3 only
Which projection and position must be taken for an injury to the right anterior upper ribs? 1. AP 2. PA 3. LAO 4. RAO 5. RPO -1 and 4 -2 and 3 -2 and 4 -2 and 5
2 and 3
Which of the following positions will demonstrate the axillary portion of the right ribs? 1. LPO 2. RPO 3. LAO 4. RAO -1 and 3 only -2 and 3 only -1 and 4 only -2 and 4 only
2 and 3 only
Which of the following routine projections would be needed for injury to the left upper portion of the anterior ribs? 1. AP 2. PA 3. AP oblique w/LPO position 4. AP oblique w/RPO position 5. PA oblique w/RAO position 6. PA oblique w/LAO position -1 and 3 only -1 and 4 only -1 and 5 only -2 and 4 only -2 and 5 only
2 and 5 only
A young female patient from the emergency department (ED) is brought to radiology for rib examination. She is able to sit up or stand for the procedure. She indicates that the region of pain is to the right anterior-to-mid axillary region. Which rib exam should be performed to minimize the effective dose to this patient? -PA and RPO -PA and RAO -PA and LAO -AP and RPO
PA and LAO
A patient with metastatic disease in the ribs comes to radiology following a nuclear medicine scan. The radiologist orders a right, upper posterior rib study performed. Which of the following positioning factors should be followed for this specific study? 1. Perform positions erect if the patient's condition permits. 2. Exposure on full expiration 3. Include the RPO position as part of the positioning routine. -1 only -1 and 2 only -1 and 3 only -2 and 3 only -1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
Please select the position that will best demonstrate the sternum. -RPO -LPO -LAO -RAO
RAO
Please select the position that will best demonstrate the right posterior-lateral ribs. -RAO -RPO -LAO -LPO
RPO
What are some advantages to performing the routine oblique position of the sternum? 1. Projects the sternum over the heart shadow 2. Places the sternum to the right of the spine 3. Projects the sternum away from the spine -2 only -1 and 2 only -1 and 3 only -2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Which of the following are considerations for the anterior oblique position of the sternum 1. perform the RAO position 2. perform the LAO position 3. perform in the erect position 4. exposure on full inspiration -1 only -1 and 3 only -1 and 4 only -2 and 3 only -2, 3 and 4 only
1 and 3 only
A patient enters the ED with an injury to the right anterior upper ribs. Which of the following should be taken to demonstrate the involved area? 1. PA 2. AP 3. RAO 4. LAO 1 and 3 2 and 3 1 and 4 2 and 4
1 and 4
Which of the following must be taken for an injury to the left posterior lower ribs? 1. AP 2. PA 3. RPO 4. LPO -1 and 3 only -1 and 4 only -2 and 3 only -2 and 4 only
1 and 4 only
Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the axillary ribs of the left thorax? 1. RAO 2. LAO 3. RPO 4. LPO -1 and 3 only -2 and 3 only -1 and 4 only -2 and 4 only
1 and 4 only
Which of the following apply to oblique projections of the upper ribs 1. oblique the patient 45° 2. place the patient erect 3. center midsternum 4. top of the IR should be 1.5 inches above the shoulder -1 and 3 only -1, 2 and 3 only -1, 2 and 4 only -1, 3, and 4 only -2, 3, and 4 only -1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2 and 4 only
Which of the following apply to the lateral position of the sternum 1. perform in the preferred erect position 2. perform exposure on full inspiration 3. best image obtained at 60-72 SID 4. center at level of T7 -1, 2 and 4 only -1, 3 and 4 only -1, 2, and 3 only -2, 3, and 4 only -1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following statements is true about radiography of anterior ribs located above the diaphragm? 1. Perform the study with the patient erect 2. Always include an AP projection as part of the routine. 3. Suspend breathing upon inspiration 4. Perform anterior obliques. -1 and 2 only -1 and 3 only -2 and 3 only -1, 2, and 4 only -1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following positioning considerations does NOT apply for a study of the lower ribs? 1. Perform positions recumbent 2. Center at the level of lower costal margin 3. Perform exposure on full inspiration -1 only -2 only -1 and 2 only -2 and 3 only -1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
What is the recommended degree of obliquity for a PA oblique projection of the sternum for an asthenic type of patient? -10° -15° -30° -20°
20°
A radiograph of an RAO position of the ribs demonstrates the left axillary ribs are foreshortened, whereas the right side is elongated. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome? -The patient requires more rotation to the right. -CR angulation was incorrect. -The technologist should have performed a PA projection to demonstrate the left axillary ribs, not an RAO. -An LAO was performed rather than the RAO position.
An LAO was performed rather than the RAO position.
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the sternum reveals that the patient's ribs are superimposed over the sternum. What needs to be done to correct this problem during the repeat exposure? -Ensure that the patient is not rotated. -Angle the CR 5° anterior. -Increase the SID. -Increase the kV.
Ensure that the patient is not rotated
An ambulatory patient enters the ED with a possible injury to the left upper anterior ribs. Which of the following should be taken to demonstrate the involved area? -Recumbent AP and RPO -Erect AP and RPO -Erect PA and RAO -Erect PA and LPO
Erect PA and RAO
A recommended practice is to decrease the SID to less than 40 inches (102 cm) for the oblique sternum projection to increase the magnification and resultant unsharpness of overlying ribs -True -False
False
Which of the following conditions may occur with trauma to the ribs? -Pneumonia -Airway obstruction of the trachea -Hemothorax -Pulmonary embolus
Hemothorax
A radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that it is partially superimposed over the spine. What must be done to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure? -Decrease rotation of the body. -Perform an LPO projection instead of an RAO. -Angle CR 5° to 10° laterally to the sternum. -Increase rotation of the body.
Increase rotation of the body
A radiograph of an RAO position of the sternum demonstrates excessive lung markings obscuring the sternum. A 1-second exposure time and an orthostatic (breathing) technique were used. Which of the following will produce a more diagnostic image of the sternum? -Ensure that the patient is not breathing during the exposure. -Decrease the kV; increase the mA or time. -Initiate exposure on deeper inspiration. -Increase the exposure time; decrease the mA.
Increase the exposure time; decrease the mA
Please select the position that will best demonstrate the right anterior-lateral ribs. -LAO -RAO -RPO -LPO
LAO
Please select the position that will best demonstrate the left posterior-lateral ribs. -LPO -RPO -RAO -LAO
LPO
Please select the position that will best demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient. -RPO -RAO -LAO -LPO
LPO
Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the posterior axillary portion of the left ribs? -LPO -RAO -LAO -RPO
LPO
Which position can replace the routine oblique of the sternum if the patient cannot lie prone? -LPO -Left lateral decubitus -LAO -RPO
LPO
A patient enters the ED with blunt trauma to the sternum. The patient is in great pain and cannot lie prone on the table or stand erect. Which of the following routines would be best for the sternum examination in this situation? -RPO and lateral recumbent projections -LPO and lateral recumbent projections -AP and horizontal beam lateral projections -LPO and horizontal beam lateral projections
LPO and horizontal beam lateral projections
What is the optimal number of ribs that must be demonstrated for a unilateral rib study above the diaphragm? -Ribs 1 through 9 -Ribs 1 through 8 -Ribs 1 through 6 -All ribs must be demonstrated
Ribs 1 through 9
What is the error that causes the ribs to be superimposed over the sternum? -Wrong lateral exposed -Rotation of the thorax -Exposure was not on inspiration -Shoulders not rolled back
Rotation of the thorax
What is the breathing technique that would provide the best visualization of the upper ribs? -Orthostatic breathing -Long, deep breaths -Suspend on inspiration -Suspend on expiration
Suspend on inspiration
Which of the following techniques is most effective in preventing lung markings from obscuring the sternum on an oblique projection -Use a high kV. -Use an orthostatic (breathing) technique. -Decrease the source image receptor distance (SID) to magnify the sternum. -Oblique as much as needed to not superimpose the sternum over the hilum region.
Use an orthostatic (breathing) technique.
An RAO position of the ribs demonstrates the right axillary ribs and left axillary ribs to be about the same size. What was the error if any? -under rotated RAO -performed LAO -over rotated RAO -no error
under rotated RAO
