Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal System- Skeletal
scoliosis
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammation of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of 2 or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic, systematic, inflammation disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, resulting in crippling deformities
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of the foot; club foot
bunion
deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand
lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture
sequestrum
fragment of a necrosed bone that has become seperated from surrounding tissue
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
herniated disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk
kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis; also called malignant neoplasm of bone by site
carpal tunnel syndrome
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
spondylosis
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression
subluxation
partial or complete dislocation
Paget disease
skeletal disease that affects older people and causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of the long bones
rotated cuff injury
trauma to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; musculotendinous rotates cuff injury