Chapter 10 sense Organs
Heatstroke
A dangerous body reaction to prolonged exposure. As the animals for temperature rapidly rises, the animal becomes week and confused and a lapse into unconsciousness.
Cochlear duct
A long, fluid filled tube that runs the length of the cochlea it contains the receptor organ of hearing the organ of corti
Eardrum
Common name for the tympanic membrane. The paper-thin, connective tissue membrane that is tightly stretched across the opening of the external ear canal into the middle.
General anesthesia
Complete loss of sensory perception accompanied by loss of consciousness.
Transmission
Conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber.
Transduction
Conversion of a sensory stimulus to a nerve impulse.
Pinna
Externally visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and funnels them down into the external ear canal; the ear flap.
Retina
Inner nervous layer of the eye where the photoreceptors are located. The refractive structures of the eye form an image on the retina that is converted to nerve impulses by the photoreceptors (rods and cones)
Sensory receptor
A modified nerve ending that converts mechanical, thermal, chemical, or electromagnetic stimuli into a nerve impulses that travel to the CNS.
Macula
A patch of sensory epithelium in the vestibule of the inner ear.
Ciliary body
A portion of the uvea, or middle vascular layer, of the eyes.
Tapetum
A shortened name for the tapetum lucidum.
Hyperthermia
An abnormally high body temperature.
Hypothermia
An abnormally low body temperature that slows down all metabolic processes.
Ampulla
An enlargement in each semicircular canal that contains the receptor structure ( the crista).
Wind up
An exaggerated pain response that can be produced when the spinal cord is bombarded with severe or chronic pain impulses.
Pain
An unpleasant sensory response caused by the stimulation of pain receptors in the body.
Analgesia
Decreased perception of pain.
Otolith
Ear stone ( tiny crystals) they help the macula keep track of the position of the head.
Tectorial membrane
Gelatinous sheet that lies on the hair cells of the organ of corgi in the cochlea
Taste
Gustatory sense
Tactile sense
Hairs sensitive to touch.
Tapetum lucidum
Highly reflective area of the choroid in the back of the eye of most domestic animals.
Choroid
Located between the sclera and the retina.
Local anesthesia
Loss of sensation from a localized are of the body
Third eyelid
Nictitating membrane
Oval window
Membrane covered opening into the cochlea that the stapes lies against.
Round window
Membrane-covered opening into the cochlea that functions as a pressure relief device.
Tarsal gland
Merino maim glands of the eyelid margins.
Middle ear
Middle portion of the ear, air filled cavity in the temporal bone of the skull.
Visceral sensation
Miscellaneous interior body sensations. They include hunger and thirst and stretching sensations from hollow internal organs.
Ciliary muscle
Multiunit smooth muscles of the ciliary body that adjusts the shape of the eyes land.
Smell
Olfactory sense
Stapes
One of the three ossicles (stirrup)
Incus
One of the three, the tiny bones that transmit sound wave vibrations across the middle ear. The Angus, or Ansell, is the middle of the three ossicles.
Malleus
One of three ossicles (hammer)
Utricle
One of two saclike spaces (the saccule is the other one) in the vestibule of the inner ear that contain sensory structures that monitor the position of the head.
Saccule
One of two saclike spaces (the utricle is the other one) in the vestibule that cont
Lacrimal puncta
Openings in the upper and lower eyelid margin's located near the medial campus of the eye they drain tears away from the surface of the eye.
Nociception
Pain perception
Nociceptor
Pain receptors
Cone
Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that perceive color and detail.
Rod
Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that perceive dim light images in shades of gray.
Vestibule of the ear
Portion of the inner ear that senses the position of the head
Organ of corti
Receptor organ of hearing located in the cochlea.
Modulation
Regulating or changing something
Temperature sense
Sense of hot and cold.
Olfactory sense
Sense of smell
Pressure
Sense of something pressing on the body surface; often combined with the tactile sense, which is the sense of touch.
Photoreceptor
Sensory receptors that convert photons of light energy to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as vision; rods and cones.
Ossicle
Skull bones that are the bones of the ears.
Touch
Tactile sense
Special sense
Taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, and vision. All located in the head.
Canthus
The corner of the eyelids where they come together. Each eye has a medial and lateral canthus
Tympanic membrane
The eardrum.
Optic disc
The area of the retina where nerve fibers on its surface converge to form the beginning of the optic nerve.
Hearing
The auditory sense; the mechanical sense that converts the soundwave vibrations of air molecules to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sounds.
Fundus of the eye
The caudal interior surface of the eye. It includes the retina and optic desk.
Cornea
The clear window on the front of the eye that admit light to the interior of the part of the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball.
Vitreous compartment
The compartment of the eye behind (caudal to) the lens and ciliary body.
Aqueous compartment
The compartment of the eye in front of(rostral to) the lens and ciliary body.
Perception
The conscious recognition of something; for example, in the process of nociception, pain nerve impulses are perceived in the brain.
Endolymph
The fluid in the receptor structures of the inner ear.
Perilymph
The fluid that surrounds the membranous portion of the inner ear, where the sensory receptors of the inner ear are found.
Accommodation
The focusing of the lens of the eye to allow close up and distant vision.
Cupula
The gelatinous structure that sits on top of the receptor hairs in the crista ampulla rid of the semi circular canals.
Conjunctiva
The thin, transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids.
Limbus
The junction of the cornea and sclera of the eye.
Eyelid
The kinds of conjunctiva lined folds of skin that protect and cover the eyeball.
Lacrimal gland
The main tear producing glands. It is located dorsal and lateral to the eyeball inside the bony orbit.
Uvea
The middle, vascular layer of the eye. It includes the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.
Inner ear
The most internal portion of the year. It is contained in the temporal bone and contains both hearing and equilibrium structures.
Pupil
The opening in the center of the iris.
External ear
The outer portion of the ear year. It consists of structures that collect and transmit sound waves to the middle ear: that Pinna, the external auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane.
Posterior chamber
The portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye behind(caudal to) the iris.
Anterior chamber
The portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye in front of (rostral to) the iris.
Proprioception
The sense of body position and movement.stretch receptors in skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules send impulses to the nervous system.
Gustatory sense
The sense of taste.
Equilibrium
The sense that helps an animal maintain its balance by keeping track of the position and movement of its head.
General sense
The senses that are distributed throughout the body. They are receptors are fairly simple, and they keep the central nervous system informed about general conditions inside and outside the body.
Crista
The short name for the receptor structure of the semicircular Canal's.
Extra ocular eye muscle
The small skeletal muscles that move and position the eyeballs.
Cochlea
The snail shell shaped cavity in the temporal bone of the skull that contains the hearing portion of the inner ear.
Vitreous humor
The soft, gelatinous fluid that fills the vitreous compartment of the eye.
Conjunctival sac
The space between the bulbar ad pal penal portions of the conjunctive; the space between the eyelid and eyeball.
Canal of schlemm
The structure that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye. It is located at the edge of the anterior chamber, where the iris and the cornea meet.
Meibomian gland
The tarsal glands of the eyelid margins. They produce a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto an animals face.
Lacrimal apparatus
The tear producing and draining structures of the eyes.
Bulbar conjunctiva
The transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball.
Palpebral conjunctiva
The transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid.
External auditory canal
The tube that begins at the base of the Pinna and carries soundwaves to the tympanic membrane.
Nasolacrimal duct
The tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity.
Eustachian tube
The tube that connects the middle ear cavity with the pharynx. It allows equalization of the air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane.
Sclera
The white portion of the eye; part of the outer, fibrous layer of the eyeball.
Nictitating membrane
Third eyelid
Semicircular canal
Three semicircular canals in each inner ear that are part of the vestibular system. They sense rotary motion of the head.
Suspensory ligament
Tiny ligaments that attach to he periphery of of the lens of the eye and connect it to the ciliary body.
Aqueous humor
Watery fluid that fills the aqueous compartment of the eye. It is produced in the posterior chamber and drain from the anterior chamber by the canal of Schlemm.