Chapter 10 Study Guide- US History
Define popular sovereignty
Everyone gets to vote from the territory.
Explain the Freeport Doctrine
Freeport Doctrine came from Lincoln challenging Douglas to explain how popular sovereignty can keep slavery out of a place when the Dred Scott decision says that they cannot, so the Freeport Doctrine was the response from Douglas.
Second debate in the Lincoln-Douglas debate is known as?
Freeport doctrine
What did John Brown plan to do at Harper's Ferry, VA
He planned to establish a nation of free slaves in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Who drafted the Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay
Why did Lincoln move from KY to the IN territory
His parents opposed slavery so the moved to IN in 1816
Lincoln served in the state legislature of which state
Illinois
Define free-soilers
People of all political parties who opposed slavery
Define radical
Person with extreme views
1. What is popular sovereignty and what part did it play in the election of a proslavery territorial legislature in Kansas? (pg. 330):
Popular sovereignty is the political authority belonging to the people. The voters would elect a territorial legislator, which would then pass laws on the subject. Later, a constitution had to be written and approved by voters before the territory could become a state.
Which president condemned the free-soil government in Kansas as rebels
President Franklin Pierce
Which president of the US helped get the Compromise of 1850 passed by Congress
President Millard Fillmore
Who were the two executive leaders of the Confederate States of America
President-Jefferson Davis V. President- Alexander Stephens
Explain the event termed as the "Sack of Lawrence"
Pro-slavery people burnt down the town of Lawrence
Explain the Crittenden Compromise
Proposed amending the U.S. Constitution to ban slavery north of the old Missouri Compromise line.
Both plans to save the Union before a war broke out failed due to the lack of support from which political party
Republican Party
Name the candidates of the following political parties during the election of 1860
Republican-Abraham Lincoln (contain slavery, but not ridding it completely) Northern Democrat- Stephen Douglas (Popular sovereignty) Southern Democrat- John Breckinridge (Pro-Slavery) Constitutional Union- John Bell (Save the Union)
What famous Colonel of the US Marines captured John Brown
Robert E. Lee captured John Brown.
What happened between Sen. Preston Brooks and Sen. Charles Sumner
Brooks beat Sumner with a golden cane 30 times
How was the issue of slavery to be settled in the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska
By popular sovereignty
In 1850, what territory applied for statehood, which would upset the balance in the Senate
California
Name the chief justice of the Supreme Court who denied Dred Scott his rights
Chief Justice Roger Taney
Who was John Brown
Committed abolitionist
What led to the succession of the South Carolina and then the rest of the Southern States that followed? list 4
Compromise of 1850 (popular sovereignty), Kansas-Nebraska Act (popular sovereignty), Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Election of 1860
two efforts to save them from war
Crittended Compromise (saying that the Missouri Compromise would be established again and slavery would be banned north of it, compensation for the loss of slaves, non-repeal able, congress could not interfere with the transportation of slaves from one state to another) and the Peace Convention
The arguments over the Kansas-Nebraska Act weakened which political party
Democratic
Who won the senate seat between Lincoln and Douglas?
Douglas
What event caused controversy that split northern and southern Democrats
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
How did the Northerners react to the Fugitive Slave Act
The northerners were furious and openly resisted this law
What provisions of the Constitution did slaveholders cite as a protection for slavery and explain? (pg. 339):
The provisions of the Constitution that the slaveholders cited as a protection for slavery was the 5th Amendment. The 5th Amendment states that "...nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation." The slaveholders argued that it was not fair of the government to take away their slaves without paying them.
Explain three reasons why the Lincoln-Douglas debates were important. (pg. 341):
Three reasons why the Lincoln-Douglas debates were important because the debates helped Lincoln become known in the political field and would then help Lincoln win the presidential election in 1856. The debates also showed that Lincoln's moderate position positions increased his standing among northerns, and at the same time, however, nothing in the debates gave southerners cause to shed their growing belief that Lincoln was a serious threat to slavery. Douglas's Freeport Doctrine and his opposition to the Lecompton Compromise caused him to lose the support of the southern Democrats.
What was Daniel Webster's response to John C. Calhoun's rejection of the Compromise of 1850
Webster thought the preservation of the Union is more important than the disagreement over slavery
Explain the event called the Pottawatomie Massacre
When John Brown and some of his followers dragged 5 proslavery supporters out of their cabins into the creek and killed them
The rise of the Republican Party came out of what other three parties
Whigs(conscious) Democrats and Free-Soil
Lincoln made a what when talking to Douglas?
a prediction
Define guerilla war
fighting marked by sabotage, ambushes, and surprise attacks
In Lincoln's "house divided" speech, he wasn't taking a position, what was he stating instead
he stated "A house divided against itself cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free." basically saying that the Union cannot grow if they are always against each other
Define compensated emancipation
it is ending slavery in Washington DC by paying the slaveholders to free their slaves
Define the Fugitive Slave Act
it made it a federal crime to assist runaway slaves
Define the Kansas-Nebraska Act
law that was passed that allowed the voters of Nebraska and Kansas to vote on the be a slave state or a free state, repealed the Missouri Compromise
Define nativism
opposition to immigration
Explain the Lincoln-Douglas debates
seven debates were held in towns across Illinois, the 2nd debate at Freeport, IL turned out to be the most critical because lincoln challenged Douglas to explain how popular sovereignty can keep slavery out of a place when the Dred Scott decision said they could not, this then led to Douglas's reply known as Freeport Doctrine
What brought Lincoln out of his retirement from politics a second time
the Kansas-Nebraska Act and he ran for a seat in the US Senate in 1856
Define the Mason-Dixon line
the border of Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the free-states and slave states.
Which amendment to the Constitution did slaveholders use to protect slavery
the fifth amendment
Explain the outcome of the Dred Scott case
the fifth amendment protected the property rights, making Dred Scott property of the deceased owner go to his family
By 1850, the political argument over slavery shifted to what area of the US
the western territories
What did the South do when Lincoln and what was it called?
they succeeded and went against the Constitution and formed the Confederate States of America
Explain the term "Bleeding Kansas"
Name gave to Kansas over all the blood shed
Under British rule, which colonies had slavery
North and South
On the issue of slavery, what "rights" were argued between North & South
North-Human Rights South-Povery
List the four causes (events) that led to secession of the South
The Compromise of 1850, The Kansas-Nebraska Act, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, The Election of 1860
How did voting fraud take place in the election conducted in Kansas
1700 Missourians came and voted while being armed
By 1790, what percent of slaves lived in the South
90
Explain the Peace Convention
A meeting called by Virginia leading after the defeat of the Crittenden Compromise to deal with issue of slavery in the United state
Who was the president of the US when secession broke out
James Buchanan
Who was the first Republican candidate for president in 1856
John Freemont
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act weaken the Democratic Party. (pg. 327):
Kansas-Nebraska Act weakened the Democratic Party because it repealed the Missouri Compromise, which allowed for popular sovereignty to come into play.
What was the nickname of the American Party
Know-Nothings
The final decision on whether Kansas would be a free or slave state was settled indirectly by what document
Lecompton Constitution or state constitution
What was the Lecompton Constitution and did it ever pass in Congress
Lecompton constitution was a proslavery state constitution, was not passed in congress.
Which candidate did most historians believe won the Lincoln-Douglas debates
Lincoln
Who won the election of 1860 and why
Lincoln, because the Democrats split into the northern and southern. so the splitting between the two left the second most popular part (republican) to have the most votes
Who did Abraham Lincoln marry
Mary Todd in 1842
Explain the importance of Harriet Beecher Stowe
She wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin was about slave life
Which state was the first to secede after the election of 1860
South Carolina
What Illinois senator was nicknamed "The Little Giant"
Stephen Douglas
