chapter 11

DNA is compacted by wrapping itself around a group of proteins called

histones

DNA is compacted by wrapping itself around a group of proteins called Multiple choice question.

histones

True or false: Only three criteria are needed for the genetic material to fulfill its role. These are information, variation, and replication.

false

True or false: Only three criteria are needed for the genetic material to fulfill its role. These are information, variation, and replication. True false question.

false

In a DNA double helix, the phosphate groups and sugars

form the backbones.

DNA replication is carried out by many proteins. These include: 1. DNA ___________, which separates double-stranded DNA into single strands; 2. __________ , which removes tightened coils ahead of the replication fork; and 3. DNA _____________, which covalently attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand.

helicase; topoisomerase; ligase

The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is

the structure of the sugar

Chargaff's experiments showed that the amount of adenine in a sample was the same as the amount of

thymine

In order for the genetic material to fulfill its role in cells, it must meet which of the following criteria?

transmission information variation replication

The sequence of bases in DNA and RNA allows for which of the following? Select all that apply

transmission of information storage of information

The sequence of bases in DNA and RNA allows for which of the following? Select all that apply.

transmission of information storage of information

The presence of the nitrogenous base _________ would definitely identify a substance as RNA.

uracil

Franklin determined that the structure of DNA was helical based on

x-ray diffraction analysis

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized as a series of small fragments called

okazaki fragment

The lagging strand is made discontinuously in this direction relative to the movement of the replication fork

opposite

The ___________ of replication is a site within a chromosome where DNA replication begins.

origin

The components of a nucleotide are

phosphate group sugar nitrogen base

The enzyme DNA ___________covalently links nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands together during DNA replication.

polymerase

What DNA enzyme covalently links nucleotides together?

polymerase

The carbon atoms in a sugar ring are numbered in a clockwise direction starting with the carbon atom to the ______ of the oxygen atom.

right

The ____________ of bases in DNA and RNA is the critical feature that allows for the storage and transmission of information.

sequence

What is the backbone of DNA?

sugar and phosphate

Directionality refers to the orientation of

sugar molecules in a DNA strand

During DNA replication, new strands are synthesized from __________ strands on the original molecule.

template

During DNA replication, new strands are synthesized from ____________ strands on the original molecule.

template

Erwin Chargaff showed that

the amounts of A/T and C/G are equal

Which types of cells have more than one origin of replication? Multiple choice question.

Eukaryotes

True or false: The primers used to initiate DNA replication are short segments of RNA, that are typically 100-200 nucleotides in length.

False

X-ray diffraction was a key experimental tool that led to the discovery of the DNA double helix. The critical pattern was produced by the British biophysicist Rosalind

Franklin

The orientation of sugar molecules within a DNA strand is referred to as ____________. For example, a strand is said to be 5' to 3' or 3' to 5'.

directionality

An origin of replication is a site within a chromosome where

DNA replication begins

The interaction of two strands of DNA via hydrogen bonds results in a structure called the:

double helix

The level of DNA structure that resembles a spiral staircase is the

double helix

Rank the five levels of structural features of DNA. Start at the top with the most complex (or largest), and end at the bottom with the least complex (or smallest).

1. genome 2. chromosome 3. double helix 4. DNA strand5. nucleotide

During DNA replication, how many strands of DNA are used as templates to synthesize new strands?

2

Compared with ribose, deoxyribose lacks a single oxygen atom at the ______ position.

2'

The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5' TCGATC 3'. What is the sequence of the complementary strand? Hint: Remember that the two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel.

3' AGCTAG 5'

A segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATGCTT-3'. The complementary sequence would be

3'-TACGAA-5'

In a DNA nucleotide, which carbon of the sugar is outside the ring?

5'

Once synthesis has begun, DNA can only be synthesized in this direction Multiple choice question.

5' to 3'

RNA primers are removed by DNA polymerase I in this direction

5' to 3'

This term refers to DNA replication proceeding outward from two replication forks.

Bidirectional

Once replication has begun, new __________can only be synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction.

DNA

Of the following structural features of DNA, which has the highest level of complexity?

Genome

are a group of proteins that DNA wraps around to compact itself and to form nucleosomes.

Histones

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent Okazaki fragments to complete the replication process?

Ligase

DNA primase makes a(n) _______ and is complementary to the DNA template.

RNA primer that is 10-12 nucleotides long

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized as a series of many Okazaki fragments? Multiple choice question.

The lagging strand

Which of the following is found in DNA and not in RNA?

Thymine

Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication?

To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

The double-helix structure of DNA was deduced by

Watson and Crick

Who determined the double helix structure of DNA using ball-and-stick models and experimental observations by Wilkins and Franklin?

Watson and Crick

The term used to describe two DNA strands that run in opposite directions from each other is

antiparallel

Two DNA strands in a double helix that run in opposite directions from one another are said to be

antiparallel

During DNA replication, the lagging strand of DNA is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction as DNA polymerase moves ______ the replication fork.

away from

DNA replication is described as ______ because DNA replication proceeds outward from two replication forks.

bidirectional

The ability to predict the DNA sequence in one strand based on the sequence of another strand is referred to as

complementarity

The pairing of C with G exemplifies the definition of

complementarity

In DNA replication, the ______ strand is made discontinuously in the direction opposite to the movement of the replication fork.

lagging

During DNA replication, the __________ strand is synthesized continuously while the ____________ strand is synthesized as small fragments that are connected to each other to form a continuous strand.

leading; lagging

The enzyme DNA ________ catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent Okazaki fragments to complete the replication process.

ligase

Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a(n)

nitrogen