Chapter 11
Which of the following are functions of the scalene muscles? - Extension of the neck - Flexion of the neck - Depression of first and second ribs - Elevation of first and second ribs
- Flexion of the neck - Elevation of first and second ribs
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles? (Select all that apply) - VII - IV - VI - I - III
- IV - IV - III
Muscles that move the head and neck attach to ____. -bones of the thoracic cage -bones of the pectoral girdle -bones of the vertebral column -bones of the cranium -bones of the arm
-bones of the thoracic cage -bones of the pectoral girdle -bones of the vertebral column -bones of the cranium
The attachment sites of the sternocleidomastoid muscle include -the sternum -the vertebral column -the mastoid process -the clavicle
-the sternum -the mastoid process -the clavicle
From lateral to medial, indicate the order of the following erector spinae muscles of the vertebral column. -Spinalis group -Longissimus group -Illiocostalis group
1. Illiocostalis group 2. Longissimus group 3. Spinalis group
Which muscle of the anal triangle originates from the perineal body? A) External anal sphincter B) Superficial transverse perineal muscle C) Puborectalis muscle D) Coccygeus muscle
A) External anal sphincter
Which muscles end in the suffix -glossus, meaning tongue? A) Extrinsic tongue muscles B) Intrinsic tongue muscles
A) Extrinsic tongue muscles
Muscles of the vertebral column and its site of attachment: Illiocostalis group
Angles of ribs and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Muscles that move the vertebral column are innervated by A) cranial nerves B) spinal nerves
B) spinal nerves
Muscles and its characteristic facial expression: Orbicularis oculi
Blinking
Which muscle attaches to the anterolateral surface of the eye and pulls the eye laterally when it contracts? A) The inferior oblique muscle B) The lateral rectus muscle C) The superior oblique muscle D) The medial rectus muscle
C) The lateral rectus muscle
The hyoid bone is an attachment side of which pharyngeal muscle? A) Palatopharyngeus B) Superior pharyngeal constrictor C) Levator veli palatini D) Middle pharyngeal constrictor
D) Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Which muscle is used to protract the tongue? A) The hyoglossus muscle B) The palatoglossus muscle C) The styloglossus muscle D) The genioglossus muscle
D) The genioglossus muscle
A small muscle that extends across the inner surface of the thoracic cage and inserts on ribs 2-6 is the _____. A) scalene muscle B) internal intercostal muscle C) external intercostal muscle D) transversus thoracis muscle
D) transversus thoracis muscle
Muscles of mastication and their action: Masseter
Elevates and protracts mandible
Muscles of mastication and their action: Temporalis
Elevates and retracts mandible
Muscles of the pharynx and its function: Palatopharyngeus muscle
Elevates pharynx and larynx
T/F Some muscles that move the head are attached to arm bones
False
Muscles and its characteristic facial expression: Depressor anguli oris
Frowning
Muscles and its characteristic facial expression: Orbicularis oris
Kissing
Transversus thoracis
Muscle that attaches to costal cartilages 2-6 and assists in decreasing diameter of thoracic cavity
Muscles and its characteristic facial expression: Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Raising eyebrows
Tensor veli palatini muscle
Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tubes when swallowing or yawning
Muscles and its characteristic facial expression: Platysma
Tensing skin of neck
Serratus posterior inferior
Thin intermediate back muscle that splits into four separate muscle segments
The largest and most important collection of muscles in the pelvic floor is the levator _____ term-76muscle.
ani
The spinalis group of the vertebral column are innervated by the _____ and _____ spinal nerves.
cervical, thoracic
Most muscles of facial expression are innervated by the ____ cranial nerve
seventh
The superficial layer of urogenital triangle is composed of _____ muscles, and the deep layer is composed of _____ muscles.
three, two
The muscles of mastication are innervated by the mandibular division of the _____ cranial nerve.
trigeminal
Which statements correctly describe the digastric muscle? - It has two bellies. - It depresses the mandible. - It attaches to the hyoid bone. - It attaches to the superior border of the scapula.
- It has two bellies. - It depresses the mandible. - It attaches to the hyoid bone.
Which are functions of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles? - Move the mandible side to side during chewing - Protract the mandible - Retract the mandible - Depress the mandible
- Move the mandible side to side during chewing - Protract the mandible
Which extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve? - The palatoglossus muscle - The hyoglossus muscle - The styloglossus muscle - The genioglossus muscle
- The hyoglossus muscle - The styloglossus muscle - The genioglossus muscle
Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the urogenital triangle? - The ischiocavernosus muscle - The bulbospongiosus muscle - The superficial transverse perineal muscle - The deep transverse perineal muscle
- The ischiocavernosus muscle - The bulbospongiosus muscle - The superficial transverse perineal muscle
Muscles of the deep layer of the urogenital triangle include - coccygeus muscle - external urethral sphincter muscle - levator ani muscle - deep transverse perineal muscle
- external urethral sphincter muscle - deep transverse perineal muscle
Bony landmarks of the perineum include - the illiac crests - the ischial tuberosities - the pubic symphysis - the coccyx
- the ischial tuberosities - the pubic symphysis - the coccyx
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles A) decreases the space of the thoracic cavity B) expands the thoracic cavity
B) expands the thoracic cavity
The rectus suboccipital muscles function to _____. A) turn the head B) extend the head
B) extend the head
Bilateral contraction of the splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, and longissimus capitis causes _____. A) turning of the head B) extension of the neck
B) extension of the neck
The extrinsic eye muscle that pulls the eye inferiorly (as when you are looking down) is the _____. A) superior rectus B) inferior rectus C) lateral rectus) D) medial rectus
B) inferior rectus
As swallowing ends, the anterior neck muscles that contract to influence the position of the hyoid bone and the larynx are the _____ muscles. A) suprahyoid B) infrahyoid
B) infrahyoid
Muscles of respiration and its description Serratus posterior inferior
Thin intermediate back muscle that splits into four separate muscle segments
The four paired muscles of mastication are the temporalis (a broad, fan-shaped muscle), the masseter (a short, thick muscle), and the lateral and medial ____
pterygoid
Most muscles of the pelvic floor are innervated by the _____ nerve.
pudendal
Which muscle elevates the ribs during inspiration? A) Serratus posterior superior B) Serratus posterior inferior
A) Serratus posterior superior
Which group of erector spinae muscles attach the spinous processes of vertebrae? A) The spinalis group B) The longissimus group C) The iliocostalis group
A) The spinalis group
Which muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage to return it to its original position after swallowing? A) The sternothyroid muscle B) The thyroid muscle C) The omohyoid muscle D) The sternohyoid muscle
A) The sternothyroid muscle
Which muscle of the pharynx is innervated by the trigeminal nerve? A) The tensor veli palatini muscle B) The pharyngeal constrictors C) The salpingopharyngeus muscle D) The levator veli palatini muscle
A) The tensor veli palatini muscle
Which muscle extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid? A) The thyrohyoid muscle B) The geniohyoid muscle C) The sternohyoid muscle D) The omohyoid muscle
A) The thyrohyoid muscle
The anterolateral neck muscles function to _____. A) flex the head and neck B) extend the head and neck
A) flex the head and neck
A transverse line drawn between the _____ partitions the perineum into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle. A) iliac spines B) ischial tuberosities C) iliac crests D) pubic symphysis
A) iliac spines
The most laterally placed group of the erector spinae muscles are the A) iliocostalis group B) longissimus group C) spinalis group
A) iliocostalis group
The innervation of the quadratus lumborum muscle A) is the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves B) is the trigeminal nerve C) is the accessory nerve D) is the vagus nerve
A) is the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
Muscles of respiration are located _____. A) on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the thorax B) only on the posterior surface of thorax C) only on the anterior surface of the thorax
A) on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the thorax
The _____ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae. A) pelvic diaphragm B) urogenital triangle C) external anal sphincter D) urogenital diaphragm
A) pelvic diaphragm
The main function of the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm is to A) support pelvic viscera B) compress abdominal viscera C) extend the vertebral column D) flex the vertebral column
A) support pelvic viscera
The pelvic diaphragm extends from the ossa coxae to A) the sacrum and coccyx B) the ribs C) the lumbar vertebrae
A) the sacrum and coccyx
The omohyoid muscle is attached to _____. A) the scapula and hyoid bone B) the larynx and hyoid bone C) the mandible and scapula D) the temporal bone and mandible
A) the scapula and hyoid bone
Except for the diaphragm, the muscles of respiration are innervated by A) thoracic spinal nerves B) the vagus nerve C) the accessory nerve D) the phernic nerve
A) thoracic spinal nerves
Which describes the location of the corrugator supercilii muscle? A) Superficial to the nasalis muscle B) Deep to the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle C) Superficial to the orbicularis oris muscle D) Deep to the temporalis muscle
B) Deep to the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle
The posterior tubercle of the atlas is an attachment site of which muscle? A) Obliquus capitis inferior B) Rectus capitis posterior minor C) Obliquus capitis superior D) Rectus capitis posterior major
B) Rectus capitis posterior minor
Which muscle attaches to the lower lip and protrudes the lower lip, as in pouting, when it contracts? A) The orbicularis oris msucle B) The mentalis muscle C) The buccinator muscle D) The zygomaticus minor muscle
B) The mentalis muscle
Most muscles of the pharynx are innervated by which cranial nerve? A) The trigeminal nerve B) The vagus nerve C) The accessory nerve D) The hypoglossal nerve
B) The vagus nerve
Unilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum muscle causes _____. A) extension of the vertebral column B) lateral flexion of the vertebral column C) lateral flexion of the neck D) extension of the neck
B) lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Muscles of the abdominal wall are innervated by A) sacral spinal nerves B) primarily thoracic spinal nerves C) cranial nerves D) cervical spinal nerves
B) primarily thoracic spinal nerves
The ______ muscle runs over the bridge of the nose, and is continuous with the frontalis muscle. A) nasalis B) procerus C) zygomaticus major D) buccinator
B) procerus
Unilateral contraction of the splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, and longissimus capitis causes _____. A) extension of the neck B) turning of the head
B) turning of the head
Which muscle pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly? A) Depressor labii inferioris B) Risorius C) Depressor anguli oris
C) Depressor anguli oris
Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle? A) Cervical spinal nerves B) The vagus nerve C) The accessory nerve D) The hypoglossal nerve
C) The accessory nerve
Which muscle retracts and depresses the tongue? A) The styloglossus muscle B) The genioglossus muscle C) The hyoglossus muscle.
C) The hyoglossus muscle
Which muscle attaches to the anteromedial surface of the eye and pulls the eye medially? A) The lateral rectus muscle B) The superior oblique muscle C) The medial rectus muscle D) The inferior oblique muscle
C) The medial rectus muscle
The urogenital triangle contains _____. A) only the external genitalia B) the external genitalia, urethra, and anus C) both the external genitalia and urethra D) only the urethra
C) both the external genitalia and urethra
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm? A) The Thoracic spinal nerves B) The vagus nerve C) The accessory nerve D) The phrenic nerve
D) The phrenic nerve
Which muscles are deep to the erector spinae muscles and function to connect and stabilize the vertebrae? A) Interspinales muscle B) Multifidus muscle C) Quadratus lumborum muscle D) Transversospinalis muscles
D) Transversospinalis muscles
The innervation of the scalene muscle is A) the vagus nerve B) the trigeminal nerve C) the accessory nerve D) cervical spinal nerves
D) cervical spinal nerves
The function of the geniohyoid is to A) depress the hyoid bone B) depress the larynx C) depress the mandible D) elevate the hyoid bone
D) elevate the hyoid bone
Muscles of the abdominal wall and its origin or insertion: Transversus abdominis
Originates from the illiac crest, the cartilages of the inferior 6 ribs, the lumbar fascia, and the inguinal ligament
Muscles of the abdominal wall and its origin or insertion: Rectus abdominis
Originates from the superior surface of the pubis near the symphysis
Muscles of mastication and their action: Medial and Lateral pterygoid
Protracts and moves mandible side to side
The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ____ -extension of vertebral column -flexion of head -maintenance of posture -lateral flexion of vertebral column
-extension of vertebral column -maintenance of posture -lateral flexion of vertebral column
The anterolateral abdominal muscles include the ____. -internal oblique muscle -external oblique muscle -intercostal muscles -transversus abdominis muscle
-internal oblique muscle -external oblique muscle -transversus abdominis muscle
Which describes the location of the orbicularis oculi muscle? A) Around the orbit B) At the corners of the mouth C) Around the mouth D) Around the nostrils
A) Around the orbit
Which of the following muscles of the anal triangle is innervated by the spinal nerves (S4-S5) and acts to form the pelvic form and support pelvic viscera? A) Coccygeus muscle B) Puborectalis muscle C) External anal sphincter D) Illiococcygeus muscle
A) Coccygeus muscle
Which muscle draws the eyebrows together and creates vertical wrinkle lines above the nose when it contracts? A) Corrugator supercilii muscle B) Levator palpebrae muscle C) Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle D) Orbicularius oculi muscle
A) Corrugator supercilii muscle
Which muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead when it contracts? A) Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis B) Orbicularis oculi muscle C) Corrugator supercilii muscle D) Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
A) Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis
Which of the following muscles are responsible for the lateral flexion of the vertebral column? A) Intertransversarii muscles B) Multifidus muscles C) Interspinales muscles D) Rotatores muscles
A) Intertransversarii muscles
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts? A) The buccinator muscle B) The orbicularis oris msucle C) The depressor anguli oris muscle D) The masseter muscle
A) The buccinator muscle
Which muscle acts to close the eyelid in a winking motion when it contracts? A) The orbicularis oculi muscle B) The orbicularis oris muscle C) The levator palpebrae muscle D) The nasalis muscle
A) The orbicularis oculi muscle
Which muscle contracts when you "pucker" your lips? A) The orbicularis oris muscle B) The nasalis muscle C) The mentalis muscle D) The orbicularis oculi muscle
A) The orbicularis oris muscle
Which muscle attaches to the anterosuperior part of the sclera and pulls the eye superiorly when it contracts? A) The superior rectus muscle B) The lateral rectus muscle C) The medial oblique muscle D) The inferior rectus muscle
A) The superior rectus muscle
The internal intercostals A) depress the ribs during forced exhalation B) elevate the ribs during normal inspiration C) depress the ribs during normal and forced exhalation
A) depress the ribs during forced exhalation
The functions of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid muscles are to A) elevate the hyoid bone B) depress the mandible C) depress the hyoid bone D) elevate the larynx
A) elevate the hyoid bone
The four pairs of muscles that collectively compress, support, and hold the abdominal organs in place also work together to _____ and rotate the vertebral column. A) flex B) extend
A) flex
Which muscle elevates and retracts the tongue when it contracts? A) The genioglossus muscle B) The styloglossus muscle C) The hyoglossus muscle
B) The stylogossus muscle
Muscles of the pharynx and its function: Levator veli palatini muscle
Elevates soft palate when swallowing
Muscles of the pharynx and its function: Pharyngeal constrictors
Force bolus into esophagus
Muscles of the anterior neck and its innervation: Anterior belly of digastric
Mandibular division of CN V (trigeminal nerve)
Muscles of the vertebral column and its site of attachment: Longissimus group
Mastoid process of temporal bone and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Muscles of respiration and its description Transversus thoracis
Muscle that attaches to costal cartilages 2-6 and assists in decreasing diameter of thoracic cavity
Identify all the muscles that elevate part or all of the upper lips - The levator labii superioris muscle - The levator anguli oris muscle - The zygomaticus major and minor muscles - The platysma muscle - The depressor anguli oris muscle
- The levator labii superioris muscle - The levator anguli oris muscle - The zygomaticus major and minor muscles
Which of the following are considered extrinsic eye muscles? - The obicularis oculi muscle - The medial rectus muscle - The inferior rectus muscle - The levator labii superioris muscle - The superior oblique muscle
- The medial rectus muscle - The inferior rectus muscle - The superior oblique muscle
Functions of the trapezius muscle include____. - lateral flexion of the vertebral column - extension of the head and neck - movement of the pectoral girdle
- extension of the head and neck - movement of the pectoral girdle
Which of the following are attachment sites for facial muscles? -Tendons of other muscles -Skull bones -Ligament of cervical vertebrae -Superficial fascia of skin
-Skull bones -Superficial fascia of skin
Which of the following are attachments for the facial muscles? -Tendons of other muscles -Superficial fascia of skin -Ligament of cervical vertebrae -Skull bones
-Superficial fascia of skin -Skull bones
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication? -The temporalis muscle -The masseter muscle -The buccinator muscle -The medial pterygoid muscle -The lateral pterygoid muscle
-The temporalis muscle -The masseter muscle -The medial pterygoid muscle -The lateral pterygoid muscle
The epicranial aponeurosis is also called the _____. A) galea aponeurotia B) patellar ligament C) glabella D) galea bursa
A) galea aponeurotica
During inhalation, muscles of respiration _____. A) increase the space of the thoracic cavity B) decrease the space of the thoracic cavity
A) increase the space of thoracic cavity
The major pharyngeal muscles contract to initiate swallowing. Other pharyngeal muscles help elevate the _____ during swallowing. A) palate B) lips C) nose D) tongue
A) palate
When the diaphragm contracts _____. A) the thoracic space is increased B) the thoracic space is decreased
A) the thoracic space is increased.
Facial muscles attach where? A) On vertebral bones B) Into the superficial fascia of the skin C) Into the tendons of other muscles
B) Into the superficial fascia of the skin
Which muscle attaches to the posterolateral part of the eye, elevates the eye, and turns the eye laterally when it contracts? A) The inferior rectus muscle B) The inferior oblique muscle C) The superior oblique muscle D) The medial rectus muscle
B) The inferior oblique muscle
Which muscle elevates the upper eyelid when it contracts? A) The frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle B) The levator palpebrae superioris muscle C) The orbicularis oculi muscle D) The corrugator supercilii muscle
B) The levator palpebrae superioris muscle
In general, the infrahyoid muscles function to _____. A) elevate the thyroid cartilage of the larynx B) depress the hyoid bone C) elevate the hyoid bone D) protrude the tongue
B) depress the hyoid bone
The location of the obicularis oris muscle is around the ____. A) nostrils B) opening of the mouth C) orbit of the eye D) opening of the ear canal
B) opening of the mouth
Diaphragm
Broad muscle that separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Muscles of respiration and its description Diaphragm
Broad muscle that separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
What is the location of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle? A) It is superficial to the temporal bone just above the ear. B) It is superficial to the occipital bone on the back of the head. C) It is superficial to the frontal bone on the forehead. D) It is superficial to the zygomatic bone of the cheek.
C) It is superficial to the frontal bone on the forehead.
Which term refers to the process of chewing? A) Deglutination B) Buccination C) Mastication D) Peristalsis
C) Mastication
Identify the muscle of facial expression, which elevates the corner of the mouth. A) Masseter B) Levator labii superioris C) Zygomaticus minor D) Risorius
C) Zygomaticus minor
The ____ is commonly called the throat. A) larynx B) esophagus C) pharynx D) trachea
C) pharynx
The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called A) pharyngeal constrictors B) laryngeal elevators C) suprahyoid muscles D) infrahyoid muscles
C) suprahyoid muscles
Muscles of the anterior neck and its innervation: Stylohyoid
CN VII (facial nerve)
Muscles of the anterior neck and its innervation: Sternothyroid
Cervical spinal nerves C1-C3
Which muscle elevates and protracts the mandible during mastication? A) The temporalis muscle B) The orbicularis oris muscle C) The buccinator muscle D) The masseter muscle
D) The masseter muscle
Which muscle elevates the corners of the nostrils when it contracts? A) The zygomaticus muscle B) The procerus muscle C) The levator palpebrae superioris muscle D) The nasalis muscle
D) The nasalis muscle
External intercostals
Eleven pairs of oblique fibers between the ribs that project anteroinferiorly
Muscles of respiration and its description: External intercostals
Eleven pairs of oblique fibers between the ribs that project anteroinferiorly
Muscles of the anterior neck and its innervation: Geniohyoid
First cervical spinal nerve (C1) via CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
Muscles of the abdominal wall and its origin or insertion: External oblique
Inserts on linea alba by a broad aponeurosis and some to the illiac crest
Muscles of the urogenital triangle and its corresponding origin, insertion, and/or action: Ischiocavernosus
Inserts on pubic symphysis; assists in the erection of the clitoris or penis
Muscles of the abdominal wall and its origin or insertion: Internal oblique
Inserts on the linea alba, pubic crest, inferior rib surfaces of last 4 ribs, and costal cartilages of ribs 8-10
Muscles of the urogenital triangle and its corresponding origin, insertion, and/or action: Deep transverse perineal muscle
Inserts on the median raphe of the urogenital diapghragm
Muscles and its characteristic facial expression: Zygomaticus major
Smiling
Muscles of the vertebral column and its site of attachment: Spinalis group
Spinuous processes of axis and thoracic vertebrae
Muscles of the urogenital triangle and its corresponding origin, insertion, and/or action: Bulbospongiosus muscle
Stiffens the clitoris or penis
Muscles of the urogenital triangle and its corresponding origin, insertion, and/or action: Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Supports pelvic organs; originates from the ramus of the ischium