Chapter 11 CHD 3243
Which of the following functions as either a separate school or a small school within a larger high school with curriculum focused on a broad theme?
Career academies
Adolescents are motivated to learn when which of the following is true? (Select all that apply.)
Challenges match their skills. They are given choices. Rewards have informational value.
Regarding adolescent work, research suggests spending large amounts of time in paid labor is associated with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Costs to physical health Risky behavior Lower grades
Phyllis Blumenfeld and her colleagues (2006) emphasized the development of intrinsic motivation through which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Creating learning environments that encourage cognitive engagement and self-responsibility Embedding subject matter content into meaningful contexts Encouraging persistence and mastery
Adolescent career choices are determined using which of the following cognitive processes? (Select all that apply.)
Decision-making Exploration Planning
According to developmental researchers, such as Phyllis Blumenfeld, key aspects of adolescent achievement include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Developing self-responsibility Creating learning that includes real-world relevance Becoming cognitively engaged
According to Damon (2008), adolescents fall short of their idealistic fantasies about potential careers because of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Dreaming about careers that have no connection to reality Not understanding what it takes to become a star Having no one in their lives to help them reach the top of the career
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the research findings correlating hours worked and academic outcomes?
Eleventh-graders working more than 20 hours a week suffered a drop in grades.
According to Jacquelynne Eccles, which of the following are aspects of adolescents' ability beliefs? (Select all that apply.)
How good they are at a particular activity How good they are compared to their peers or others How good they are in relation to their performance in other activities.
According to Eccles's research, how hard students will work depends on the following. (Select all that apply.)
How much they expect to accomplish Their beliefs about how they will do on future tasks If they expect to succeed
Which of the following statements about the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation practices in the learning environment are true? (Select all that apply.)
Intrinsic motivation is positively linked to grades and standardized test scores. Framing goals extrinsically is related to lower levels of independent motivation. Framing goals extrinsically is related to lower persistence on achievement tasks.
According to Dweck (2006), which of the following is true about an individual's mindset? (Select all that apply.)
It can affect achievement and success in school and sports. It can shape goals and how hard one works toward those goals. It can influence whether one's outlook is positive or negative.
Which of the following is a positive parenting practice that supports adolescents' achievement? (Select all that apply.)
Knowing enough about the child to provide the right amount of challenge Providing an emotional climate that motivates children to internalize their parents' values and goals Modeling behavior to work hard and persisting with effort at challenging tasks Knowing enough about the child to give the right amount of support
Adolescents in which stage are likeliest to attain their long-term career goals?
Late identity formation
Which are forms of procrastination? (Select all that apply.)
Making it look like you are completing a task without doing the work Believing that mediocre performance is acceptable Overestimating your abilities and resources
What contributes most to adolescents' unrealistic views about careers?
Stories about rich celebrities
Self-efficacy influences student achievement in which of the following ways? (Select all that apply.)
Students with high self-efficacy enjoy a challenge. Students with low self-efficacy avoid a challenge.
Sustained attention depends upon the ability to adapt to increased expectations and demands, requiring longer periods of which of the following? (Select all that apply)
Task persistence Effort
Which of the following are career-related educational institutions for high school students?
Technical preparation programs Career academies Early college high schools
Which of the following are barriers inherent in low-income circumstances that can restrict access to desirable careers? (Select all that apply.)
Violence Lack of access to jobs Low-quality schools
A focus on _____ becomes relevant as adolescents begin to perceive current successes and failures as predictors of future outcomes in the adult world.
achievement
The increase in academic and social pressures requires adolescents to consider ______ an important measure of their success.
achievement
When adolescents are motivated to discover the underlying causes of their own performance, good or bad, we refer to this as _____ theory.
attribution
An adolescent receives an exam grade and asks herself, "Did I do well on this exam because of how much I studied or because this was an easy exam, or both?" The search for a cause to explain the exam score is referred to as
attribution theory.
Ryan and Deci (2009) refer to teachers who create learning environments that allow students to in engage in self-determination as ______ teachers.
autonomy-supportive
Decision making, exploration, and planning are important ______ factors in adolescent career choices.
cognitive
Self-_____ is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.
efficacy
_____ motivation involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments, whereas _____ motivation is based on internal factors such as challenge and effort.
extrinsic; intrinsic
True or false: When parents have expectations, this has a negative impact on adolescents' achievement.
false
Csikszentmihalyi (1990) defined _____ as a sense of mastery while in a state of absorbed and concentrated engagement in an activity.
flow
Engaging in a state of mastery and complete absorption in an activity describes what Csikszentmihalyi defined as ______.
flow
Adolescents who are further along in identity ______ are better able to express their occupational choices than those in less developed statuses of identity.
formation
According to Carol Dweck, a _____ mindset occurs when an individual believes his or her qualities can change and improve with effort.
growth
_____ orientation occurs when children seem trapped by experience or difficulty.
helpless
Adolescents with (low/high) self-efficacy have higher academic aspirations, spend more time doing homework, and welcome challenges.
high
Children finger paint for the pure pleasure that creativity brings. This is an example of ______ motivation.
intrinsic
Classroom environments that foster _____ motivation in the learning process show positive correlations with grades and standardized test scores.
intrinsic
Self-determination and personal choice, optimal experiences and flow, and cognitive engagement and self-responsibility describe multiple dimensions of _____ motivation.
intrinsic
_____ orientation refers to children who are task-oriented and focused on learning.
mastery
A fixed _____ occurs when one believes that his or her qualities are permanent and cannot change.
mindset
According to Dweck (2006), individuals' _____ can influence whether they have a positive or negative outlook, may shape their goals and their effort in attaining those goals, and may impact their success in sports.
mindset
Social _____ are needs and desires that are learned through experiences with the social world.
motives
A child with _____ orientation is focused on achievement outcomes and believes that winning is what matters the most.
performance
Adolescents with which orientation are likely to believe that winning is everything?
performance
Ignoring a task, spending endless hours playing video games, cleaning your closet instead of reading your text, and accepting poor performance are all behaviors associated with _____
procrastination
Jake works in the meat market and needs to get ready for the holiday rush. Even though his coworker has called in sick, Jake knows that he will be able to master the day and get the work done. Jake is demonstrating ______.
self-efficacy
Which describes an adolescent's need for a large group of friends?
social motive
Access to desirable career choices can be heavily restricted for many adolescents due to the negative influence of lower _____ status.
socioeconomic
The ability to maintain focus on a selected stimulus for a prolonged period is referred to as _____ _____
sustained attention
True or false: Students who are given some choice of activities and when to do them, and who are encouraged to take personal responsibility for their behavior, are more likely to graduate from high school.
true
