Chapter 11 Gas Law
According to Avogadro's law, the volume of a gas A) depends only on the number of moles in the sample. B) is directly related to the number of moles at constant temperature and pressure. C) is inversely related to the number of moles at constant temperature and pressure. D) is inversely related to the number of moles at standard temperature and pressure. E) depends only on the temperature and pressure.
B) is directly related to the number of moles at constant temperature and pressure
A volume of 505mL of air on a cold winter day at -15∘C is breathed into the lungs, when body temperature is 37∘C. A) smaller B) larger C) the same
B) larger
Ideal Gas Law
1 condition for all variables PV = nRT
Match the following Balloon A is smaller than the Initial Balloon Balloon B is the same size as the Initial Balloon Balloon C is bigger than the Initial Balloon A) Balloon A B) Balloon B C) Balloon C 1) The balloon floats to a higher altitude where the outside pressure is lower. 2) The balloon is taken inside the house, but the atmospheric pressure remains the same. 3) The balloon is put in a hyperbaric chamber in which the pressure is increased.
1) The balloon floats to a higher altitude where the outside pressure is lower. C) Balloon C-is bigger than the Initial Balloon 2) The balloon is taken inside the house, but the atmospheric pressure remains the same. B) Balloon B-is the same size as the Initial Balloon 3) The balloon is put in a hyperbaric chamber in which the pressure is increased A) Balloon A-is smaller than the Initial Balloon
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1) a gas consist of small particles (atoms or molecules) that move randomly with high velocities 2) The attractive forces between particles of a gas are usually very small. 3) The actual volume occupied by gas molecules is very small compared to the volume the gas occupies 4) Gas particles are in constant motion, moving rapidly in straight path 5) Average kinetic energy (temperature) of gas molecules is proportional to the kelvin temperature.
Nitrogen makes up about ________ percent of the atmosphere.
78%
Which of the following correctly describes the process of inspiration (air entering the lungs)? A) The lungs expand, causing their internal pressure to decrease. B) The lungs contract, causing their internal pressure to decrease. C) The lungs contract, causing their internal pressure to increase. D) The lungs expand, causing their internal pressure to increase. E) There is no change in the internal pressure in the lungs.
A) The lungs expand, causing their internal pressure to decrease.
The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the partial pressure(s) of A) all the gases added together. B) the gas that occupies the largest volume. C) the gas with the smallest number of moles. D) the gas with the highest molecular weight. E) the gas with the greatest number of moles.
A) all the gases added together.
The pressure exerted by the particles of vapor above a liquid is called the ________ pressure. A) vapor B) molar C) barometric D) atmospheric E) standard
A) vapor
Which of the following statement(s) describes the pressure of a gas? A) the number of gas particles in a container B) 28.8 lb/in∧2 C) 750 torr D) 4.5 L of helium gas E) the force of the gas particles on the walls of the container.
B) 28.8 lb/in∧2 C) 750 torr E) the force of the gas particles on the walls of the container.
The heater used to heat the air in a hot-air balloon is turned off. A) larger B) smaller C) the same
B) smaller
The mathematical expression of the ideal gas law is ________. A) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂ B) PT = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ C) PV = nRT D) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ E) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
C) PV = nRT
A barometer is a device for measuring ________. A) gas pressure in a container B) blood pressure C) vapor pressure D) atmospheric pressure E) gas pressure in the lung
D) atmospheric pressure
According to Boyle's Law, as the pressure _________ on a gas, the volume of the gas _________. A) increases; increases B) decreases; decreases C) decreases; stays the same D) increases; decreases
D) increases; decreases
A problem involves solving the Ideal Gas Law for the number of moles of gas. Which of the equations shown below has been correctly rearranged to solve for n? A) PV = nRT B) n = RT <⁄>PV C) nR = PV <⁄>T D) n = PV <⁄>RT
D) n = PV <⁄>RT
Gay Lussac's Law
Direct, pressure and temperature P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
Charles' Law
Direct, volume(V) and temperature(T) V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
According to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because: A) gas particles move rapidly. B) gas particles do not attract or repel one another. C) a gas is composed of very small particles. D) gas particles move faster when the temperature increases. E) the particles of a gas are very far apart.
E the particles of a gas are very far apart
Gas Behavior
Gas particles are much further apart than particles in a liquid or solid have no definite shape or volume but will completely fill any container Are less dense
Boyle's Law
Indirect, pressure(P) and volume (V) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Density at STP
Molar mass/ molar volume
Dalton's Law of parical pressure
P(total) = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ + ...
Combined Gas Law
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
STP (Standard Temperature & Pressure)
Standard temperature = 0 °C or 273 K Standard Pressure = 1 atm or 760 mmHg I mol / 22.4 L or 22.4 L / 1 mol
At 0 K, all motion stops. True or False
True
The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen. True or False
True
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal at boiling point. Higher altitude lower boiling point (↑altitude ↓boiling point)
Avogadro's Law
direct, mole(n) and volume V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂
Match the following Balloon A is smaller than the Initial Balloon Balloon B is the same size as the Initial Balloon Balloon C is bigger than the Initial Balloon A) Balloon A B) Balloon B C) Balloon C 1) The temperature is changed from 100 K to 300 K. 2) The balloon is placed in a freezer. 3) The balloon is first warmed and then returned to its starting temperature.
1) The temperature is changed from 100 K to 300 K. C) Balloon C-Balloon C is bigger than the Initial Balloon 2) The balloon is placed in a freezer. A) Balloon A-Balloon A is smaller than the Initial Balloon 3) The balloon is first warmed and then returned to its starting temperature. B) Balloon B-Balloon B is the same size as the Initial Balloon
Choose the appropriate term for the following description: the pressure exerted on Earth by the particles in the air. A) atmospheric pressure B) boiling point C) vapor pressure
A) atmospheric pressure
As you rise higher in Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure ________. A) decreases B) remains the same C) increases
A) decreases
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, as the temperature of a gas _________, the pressure of the gas _________. A) increases; increases B) decreases; stays the same C) decreases; increases D) increases; decreases
A) increases; increases
A balloon filled with helium at the amusement park is left in a car on a hot day. A) larger B) smaller C) the same
A) larger
The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 °C. At higher altitudes, the boiling point of water will be A)lower, because the atmospheric pressure is lower. B)higher, because there are fewer water molecules in the air. C)lower, because temperatures are lower. D)the same, because water always boils at 100 °C. E)higher, because the altitude is greater.
A) lower, because the atmospheric pressure is lower.
Which of the following describes the properties of a gas, based on the kinetic molecular theory of gases? A) At higher temperatures, gas particles hit the walls of the container with less force, producing a higher pressure. B)The actual volume occupied by gas molecules is extremely small compared to the volume that the gas occupies. C)The attractive forces between the particles of a gas are quite strong. D)Gas molecules move in an organized pattern at fast speeds.
B The actual volume occupied by gas molecules is extremely small compared to the volume that the gas occupies
What unit of temperature is used in gas law calculations? A) Celsius B) Kelvin C) Fahrenheit D) either Celsius or Fahrenheit E) either Celsius or Kelvin
B) Kelvin
Choose the appropriate term for the following description: the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the external pressure. A) atmospheric pressure B) boiling point C) vapor pressure
B) boiling point
The balloon is put into a chamber whose pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure and at atmospheric temperature. Balloon A is smaller than the Initial Balloon Balloon B is the same size as the Initial Balloon Balloon C is bigger than the Initial Balloon A) Balloon A B) Balloon B C) Balloon C D) Balloons A and B E) Balloons B and C
C) Balloon C
Complete the following statement: In Charles' law, the volume of a gas ________ when the ________ decreases. A) decreases, pressure B) increases, pressure C) decreases, temperature D) increases, quantity of gas E) increases, temperature
C) decreases, temperature
The force of gas particles against the walls of a container is called ________. A) quantity of gas B) temperature C) density D) pressure E) volume
D) pressure
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, particles of a gas tend to move ________ and collisions between them are ________. A)rapidly, rare B)slowly, rare C)slowly, unusual D)rapidly, elastic E)slowly, elastic
D) rapidly, elastic
In Gay-Lussac's law, the pressure of a gas increases due to an increase in temperature because A) the molecules strike the walls of the container less often. B) there is a decrease in the volume of the container. C) there is an increase in the number of gas particles. D) the molecules get bigger. E) the molecules strike the walls of the container harder and more often.
E) the molecules strike the walls of the container harder and more often.