Chapter 11 Mutiple Choice
) When marketers plan to sell their products in foreign or multinational markets, they must go through a process of ________ in order to ensure that their products and marketing messages are suitable for the foreign culture. A) acculturation B) exculturation C) proculturation D) inculcation E) enculturation
a
Cards, presents, cakes, and candles are ________ for birthday rituals. A) artifacts B) values C) beliefs D) symbols E) cultures
a
Carla learned how to go about shopping for a new car when her father specifically sat her down and told her what to look for at dealerships and how to negotiate the best price. This constitutes ________. A) formal learning B) media learning C) informal learning D) televised learning E) technical learning
a
For most Americans, ________ signifies the attainment of "the good life," which includes a new car, a dishwasher, a hot tub and a variety of convenience and pleasure providing goods and services. A) material comfort B) achievement and success C) freedom D) progress E) external conformity
a
Given the broad and pervasive nature of ________, its study generally requires a detailed examination of the character of the total society. A) culture B) consumer behavior C) subculture D) social class E) individualism
a
Kim is actively saving money so that she can afford a downpayment on the purchase of a house because she thinks that home ownership is the key to creating wealth. This personal conviction in the value of home ownership is one of Kim's ________. A) beliefs B) rituals C) cultures D) norms E) customs
a
One can express ________ by selecting products that friends do not have, or express ________ by purchasing similar or identical products. A) individualism; conformity B) collectivism; conformity C) conformity; individualism D) freedom of choice; materialism E) materialism; humanitarianism
a
The Nike Swoosh and the Coca-Cola label design are examples of ________. A) nonverbal symbols B) acculturation C) verbal symbols D) technical learning E) enculturation
a
The ________ is a widely used self-administered value inventory that is divided into terminal and instrumental value items. A) Rokeach Value Survey B) List of Values C) VALS D) Chapin's Value Structure Scale E) Attitude Toward Helping Others Scale
a
The learning of a new or foreign culture is known as ________. A) acculturation B) exculturation C) proculturation D) inculcation E) enculturation
a
Values differ from beliefs because they ________. A) serve as a guide for culturally appropriate behavior B) are relatively large in number C) are passing and easy to change D) are tied to specific objects or situations E) are narrowly accepted by a small number of members of a society
a
Verve shampoo has come out with a new hair-care product that is a shampoo and conditioner in one, so consumers can wash and condition their hair in one easy step. This product appeals to Americans' value of ________. A) efficiency B) achievement C) progress D) activity E) success
a
When Wendy's advertising emphasizes that a combo meal can come with any of a number of sides, not just fries, the company is appealing to American consumers' preference for ________. A) freedom B) efficiency C) progress D) individualism E) material comfort
a
________ consist of the very large number of mental or verbal statements that reflect a person's particular knowledge and assessment of something. A) Beliefs B) Rituals C) Cultures D) Values E) Customs
a
________ has always been associated with bigger quantities of things, or, more of something. Recently, however, there has been a shift away from quantity towards quality. A) Material comfort B) Achievement and success C) Freedom D) Progress E) External conformity
a
A ________ is a type of symbolic activity consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed sequence and repeated over time. A) communication B) ritual C) symbol D) culture E) target
b
Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The ________ level reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that impact multiple cultures or different societies. A) supernational B) supranational C) subnational D) national E) group
b
In order to acquire a common culture, members of a society must have a common ________. A) religion B) language C) history D) goal E) ethnicity
b
In terms of consumer behavior, the American value of ________ stimulates the acceptance of food products, activities, and equipment perceived to maintain or increase physical fitness. A) freedom B) health C) progress D) individualism E) material comfort
b
Insights on what is suitable to wear for a specific occasion, and other dress codes, are something we learn through ________. A) travel B) culture C) values D) technical learning E) consumer behavior
b
The American core value of ________ is central to the belief that people can always improve themselves. A) efficiency B) progress C) practicality D) activity E) success
b
The American value of ________ involves admiration of things that save time and effort. A) freedom B) efficiency C) progress D) individualism E) material comfort
b
The Protestant work ethic, which considers hard work to be wholesome, spiritually rewarding, and an appropriate end in itself, is one of the roots of the American value of ________. A) efficiency B) achievement C) practicality D) activity
b
________ is a society's personality. A) Social class B) Culture C) Conformity D) Consumer behavior E) Subculture
b
A ________ is anything that stands for something else. A) verbal communication B) nonverbal communication C) symbol D) ritualistic behavior E) culture
c
Hype Mobile Phones wants to learn how consumers decide which mobile phones to purchase, so it places researchers in mobile phone stores and has them pose as sales people. In this example, researchers are ________. A) third-party observers B) actors C) participant-observers D) active researchers E) imitators
c
In an American cultural context, whereas ________ is its own direct award, ________ implies an extrinsic reward. A) success; achievement B) activity; success C) achievement; success D) achievement; efficiency E) success; efficiency
c
In terms of consumer behavior, ________ is defined as the sum total of learned beliefs, values, and customs that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society. A) conformity B) individualism C) culture D) society E) subculture
c
In the realm of consumer behavior ________ takes the form of standardized goods and services. A) humanitarianism B) efficiency C) conformity D) youthfulness E) individualism
c
Jake learned what brands of food to buy at the grocery store by going grocery shopping with his mother as a child. This constitutes ________. A) formal learning B) media learning C) informal learning D) televised learning E) technical learning
c
Product advertisements typically influence their audiences through ________. A) formal learning B) media learning C) informal learning D) televised learning E) technical learning
c
Towels, exercise clothes, water, and portable music players are ________ for going to the gym. A) symbols B) customs C) ritual artifacts D) beliefs E) values
c
When anthropologists immerse themselves in the environment under study, this technique is called ________. A) value measurement B) depth interviews C) participant observation D) group observation E) content analysis
c
Which of the following American core values serves as a social and moral justification for the acquisition of goods and services in a context such as "you worked for it," or "you deserve it?" A) materialism B) progress C) achievement and success D) external conformity E) individualism
c
Advertisements for high-style clothing and cosmetics usually promise that their products will enhance the consumer's exclusive or distinctive character and set him or her apart from others. This is an appeal to which American core value? A) materialism B) achievement and success C) freedom D) individualism E) humanitarianism
d
Americans place an extraordinary amount of importance on being involved and keeping busy. This is a widely accepted core value that relates to ________. A) achievement and success B) freedom C) efficiency and practicality D) activity E) external conformity
d
Americans' love affair with products that save time and effort, such as the microwave, are examples of the important core value of ________ in this culture. A) progress B) achievement and success C) activity D) efficiency and practicality E) external conformity
d
Cultural beliefs, values and customs continue to be followed as long as ________. A) we learn new ones from other cultures B) that culture exists C) they are similar to other cultures, beliefs and values D) they yield satisfaction and other benefits E) a society's members speak a common language
d
Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The ________ level refers to shared core values, customs, personalities, and predispositional factors that tend to capture the essence of the character of the citizens of a particular country. A) supernational B) supranational C) subnational D) national E) group
d
From a marketing standpoint, it is not the ritual that is important, but the ________. A) result of the ritualistic behavior on society B) outcome of the ritual C) consistency of the ritual over time D) artifacts that are associated with the performance of the ritual E) the pervasiveness of the ritual in the society
d
In a consumption-oriented society, such as that of the U.S., the core value of ________ often means the acceptance of change, new products, or services designed to fulfill unsatisfied needs. A) achievement and success B) activity C) material comfort D) progress E) freedom
d
In terms of consumer behavior, an appeal to ________ frequently takes the form of reinforcing the consumer's sense of identity with products or services that both reflect and emphasize that identity. A) freedom B) efficiency C) progress D) individualism E) material comfort
d
In the name of the core value of ________, Americans appear to be more receptive to product claims that stress "new," "improved," "longer lasting," "quicker," and increased strength. A) achievement and success B) activity C) material comfort D) progress E) individualism
d
Price and channels of distribution are significant ________ of the marketer and the marketer's product. A) verbal communications B) rituals C) cultures D) symbols E) enculturations
d
Self-reliance, self-interest, self-fulfillment, self-esteem and self-confidence are all exceedingly popular expressions of ________, one of the American core values. A) materialism B) achievement and success C) freedom D) individualism E) humanitarianism
d
The ________ serves as the primary agent for enculturation. A) teacher B) media C) religions institution D) family E) educational institution
d
The concept of freedom in a consumer behavior sense relates to which of the following? A) freedom of speech B) freedom of press C) freedom of worship D) freedom of choice E) freedom of movement
d
When do we become most aware of how culture has molded our own behavior? A) when we are reminded of it on a daily basis B) when we are adding ketchup to our hotdog C) as we are growing up and being guided by our parents D) when we are exposed to people with different values and customs E) in school as we learn about what to do, and how and why to do it
d
Whereas ________ are guides for behavior, ________ are usual and acceptable ways of behaving. A) customs; beliefs B) beliefs; values C) customs; values D) beliefs and values; customs E) customs; beliefs and values
d
________ are personal goals, while ________ are the basic approaches that an individual might take to achieve those goals. A) Instrumental values; terminal values B) Social values; core values C) Core values; cultural values D) Terminal values, instrumental values E) Cultural values; terminal values
d
) Within a cultural context, advertising has the expanded mission of ________. A) generating new consumer needs B) acculturating the young C) enhancing consumer awareness of the needs of others D) replacing the family as the primary vehicle for consumer socialization E) aiding in the dissemination of new tastes, habits, and customs
e
A study of more than 250 ads appearing in eight issues of Seventeen magazine, four Japanese issues, and four American issues, found that teenage girls are portrayed differently. The researcher concluded that these "differences correspond to each country's central concepts of self and society." This study is an example of ________. A) value measurement B) consumer fieldwork C) participant observation D) field observation E) content analysis
e
Greg and his brothers always put ketchup on their scrambled eggs at breakfast. This is an example of a ________. A) belief B) ritual C) culture D) value E) custom
e
Studying societies via analysis of the content of verbal, written, and pictorial communications is known as ________. A) value measurement B) consumer fieldwork C) participant observation D) field observation E) content analysis
e
The American value of ________ stimulates patronage of firms that compete with market leaders. A) freedom B) efficiency C) progress D) individualism E) humanitarianism
e
The learning of one's own culture is known as ________. A) acculturation B) exculturation C) proculturation D) inculcation E) enculturation
e
The preference for lower classes for goods with an external point of identification constitutes a cultural difference on the ________ level. A) supranational B) national C) individual D) reference E) group
e
Within cultural values, self-esteem and social recognition are examples of ________. A) instrumental values B) core values C) cultural values D) social values E) terminal values
e
________ are overt modes of behavior that constitute culturally approved or acceptable ways of behaving in specific situations. A) Beliefs B) Rituals C) Cultures D) Values E) Customs
e
________ consist of everyday or routine behavior. A) Beliefs B) Rituals C) Cultures D) Values E) Customs
e
