Chapter 11 Quiz

Moist heat methods operate at higher temperatures and longer exposure times as compared to dry heat methods.

false

Nonionizing radiation exhibits good penetrating power and can be used for cold sterilization.

false

Incorporated into urinary catheters

pure silver ions

Sterilization is achieved by

steam autoclave

Because of its ability to decompose into oxygen and water, hydrogen peroxide is very useful against what group of organisms?

Anaerobic bacteria

Select the statement that most accurately reflects characteristics of surfactants.

Cationic detergents exhibit more potent antimicrobial activity than anionic detergents.

Select the statement that best describes the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine.

Chlorhexidine targets cell membrane components and denatures proteins.

Large scale disinfection of drinking water

Chlorine gas

Select the appropriate uses of hydrogen peroxide for antimicrobial purposes. Check all that apply.

Contact lens disinfection, Low-temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes, Wound cleansing

Select the phrase that describes the antimicrobial activity of alcohols.

Disrupt membrane lipids and denature proteins

A chemiclave is a piece of equipment that uses what antimicrobial agent for the purpose of sterilization?

Ethylene oxide

Select all of the statements that accurately reflect the process of filtration.

Filtration can be effectively used to remove microbial contaminants from solid materials, Filters with pores of the smallest diameter are utilized to sterilize air and liquid samples, Filtration can effectively remove even soluble toxins in a pharmaceutical grade drug preparation.

Choose the aldehyde that is the most toxic, limiting its clinical usefulness.

Formaldehyde/formalin

What chemical agents would be ineffective against a spore

Hydrogen peroxide, Glutaraldehyde, Alcohols at room temperature

Choose the method used to sterilize an inoculation loop used in lab for culturing bacteria.

Incineration

Skin and tissue antisepsis

Iodophors

Choose the statement that identifies the major disadvantage of both cold and desiccation in terms of microbial control

These methods are bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal.

Select all of the agents that will kill a microbial pathogen or completely inactivate its ability to cause disease.

Virucide, Germicide, Sporicide

Select the characteristics of a chemical control agent that make it a desirable agent.

Water or alcohol soluble and stable Water or alcohol soluble and stable, "-cidal" to a wide range of microbes, but nontoxic to humans and animal tissue "-cidal" to a wide range of microbes, but nontoxic to humans and animal tissue, Rapidly effective in low concentrations, Inexpensive

All of the following are phenols or phenolics except ______.

Zephiran

Destruction of most microbial life on living tissue

antisepsis

This exposes a material to a temperature of 100°C. Thirty minutes of exposure will disinfect but will not sterilize.

boiling water

Which of the following represents one of the four major targets of antimicrobial agents?

cell wall

Select the major cellular targets of physical and chemical control agents. Check all that apply.

cell wall, cell membrane, proteins

_____ is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large scale disinfection of drinking water and sewage.

chlorine

Mechanical removal of most microbes from living or inanimate surfaces

decontamination

Please select two methods that can be used for long-term preservation of microbial cultures.

deep freezing, lyophilization

Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is ______.

degermation

A(n) ______ agent would be used to destroy bacteria on a countertop whereas a(n) _______ agent would be used on skin prior to making an incision.

disinfectant; antiseptic

Destruction of most microbial life on inanimate surfaces

disinfection

Select the applications of ethylene oxide sterilization. Check all that apply.

dried food and spices, plastics, prepackaged medical devices

Select the microorganism that is least resistant to chemical and physical control measures.

enveloped viruses

Desiccation is a form of physical control of microorganisms that can be used in moist or dry forms.

false

Mercury is a heavy metal that today is increasingly incorporated into plastic, steel, and textiles to create antimicrobial surfaces and clothing.

false

Regarding use of heat to control microbial growth, dry heat at lower temperatures is as effective as moist heat at the same temperature.

false

Solutions of antimicrobial chemicals dissolved in pure water are termed tinctures, while those dissolved in pure alcohol are termed aqueous.

false

Surgeons preparing for an invasive surgical procedure will scrub their hands thoroughly, and then they use a strong alcohol-based hand sanitizer which renders their hands sterile.

false

Choose the microbial control method that neither inhibits nor kills microbes, but instead physically removes them from liquids or air.

filtration

Select all of the food items where microbial growth is controlled by means of osmotic pressure.

honey, salt-cured meats, jellies

Disinfection in dairies, food processing plants, restaurants, hospitals, and homes

hypochlorites

Select the dry heat method of microbial control from the following examples.

incineration

Which of the following does not affect microbial nucleic acids?

moist heat

Select the physical methods of microbial control. Check all that apply.

moist heat, cold, uv radiation, osmotic pressure

Heat is applied to beverages to prevent spoilage and kill pathogens, but it does not sterilize. Protocols include holding liquids at 71.6°C for 15 sec. or at 63°C for 30 minutes.

pasteurization

The two microbial forms most resistant to chemical and physical control measures are _______ or proteinaceous infectious particles, and ______ produced by Bacillus and Clostridium species.

prions; endospores

Topical germicide on mouth ulcers and root canals

silver nitrate

Used in an ointment on 2nd and 3rd degree burns

silver sulfadiazine

Select the methods that illustrate the use of moist heat to control microbes. Check all that apply.

steam autoclave, pasteurization, boiling water

This method requires the use of an autoclave. To sterilize, temperature must reach 121°C for a minimum of 15 minutes

steam under pressure

Destruction of all microbial life

sterilization

The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms, including bacterial endospores, on inanimate objects is ______.

sterilization

Cationic detergents are surface active agents, also known as ______, which damage bacteria by binding bacterial surface proteins and disrupting ______.

surfactants; cell membranes

Select the most disadvantageous characteristic of phenolics.

toxicity

A chemical labeled as bactericidal will kill bacteria whereas a chemical labeled as bacteriostatic will inhibit bacterial growth but will not kill them.

true

Prions require more extensive methods of sterilization than are needed for bacterial endospores

true

Salting of meat prior to the development of refrigeration technology was an example of using osmotic pressure to control microbial spoilage of this food product.

true

What represents a nonionizing form of radiation, often used for disinfection purposes?

uv radiation

The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are ______.

vegetative bacteria and fungi