Chapter 11
One of ________________' s major contributions to personality psychology was the idea that our birth order shapes our personality. **Hint: this person was a Neo-Freudian
Alfred Adler
Imagine that three personality psychologists are having lunch together, and that you are listening to their conversation. There is a psychoanalyst, a behaviorist, and a humanist. Which of the psychologists is most likely to have made the following statement? "You say people are inherently good, and he says they are inherently pretty bad. I don't think people are inherently either good or bad."
Behaviorist
Roger, a major league pitcher, often "beans" (i.e., hits with a pitch) the next batter after someone has hit a home run on him. Which defense mechanism does this example demonstrate?
Displacement
Imagine that three personality psychologists are having lunch together, and that you are listening to their conversation. There is a psychoanalyst, a behaviorist, and a humanist. Which of the psychologists is most likely to have made the following statement? "General laws of behavior and experiences that apply to all people are not very helpful if you want to understand a particular individual."
Humanistic
Imagine that three personality psychologists are having lunch together, and that you are listening to their conversation. There is a psychoanalyst, a behaviorist, and a humanist. Which of the psychologists is most likely to have made the following statement? "I think people in our profession should put more effort into trying to understand mentally healthy people and prosocial behavior."
Humanistic
Brett, who is extremely hard to convince in arguments, complains that all of his friends are stubborn. Which defense mechanism does this example demonstrate?
Projection
Imagine that three personality psychologists are having lunch together, and that you are listening to their conversation. There is a psychoanalyst, a behaviorist, and a humanist. Which of the psychologists is most likely to have made the following statement? "If we wanted to improve the character of people in our society, we would need to start when they are very young. By the time a kid is five years old, it's probably too late."
Psychoanalyst
Imagine that three personality psychologists are having lunch together, and that you are listening to their conversation. There is a psychoanalyst, a behaviorist, and a humanist. Which of the psychologists is most likely to have made the following statement? "We humans are the products of evolutionary forces that have preserved selfishness, pleasure-seeking, and a tendency to deceive ourselves."
Psychoanalyst
At the first sign of any problems or trouble in his life, Bill immediately runs to his parents to bail him out. Which defense mechanism does this example demonstrate? Projection
Regression
Larry began wetting his pants again after the birth of his baby brother. Which defense mechanism does this example demonstrate?
Regression
Wendy was embarrassed because somehow she kept forgetting to keep her appointments with the dentist. Which defense mechanism does this example demonstrate?
Repression
Which of the following is a projective test?
Rorschach
Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?
Rorschach
Even as a child Lisa was always impulsive and engaged in risky behavior. Perhaps not surprisingly, she grew up to become a famous race car driver. Which defense mechanism does this example demonstrate?
Sublimation
When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum, she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them. When she tells the stories to her friend, her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts. In psychological terms, what Anna does is most similar to ________.
a projective test
Projective tests make use of ________ stimuli.
ambiguous
The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's behavior.
behaviorist
According to Karen Horney, what causes us to develop a neurotic personality?
being raised without love, affection, and security
For Freud, ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ________ mind.
conscious
The ________ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in a socially acceptable manner.
ego
The job of the ________ is to find practical ways for the ________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.
ego; id; superego
For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ________.
id
There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly ________.
id
What did Freud perceive as the outcome of a successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?
identification with the same-sex parent
The Freudian stage in which boys must resolve the Oedipus complex is the ________ stage.
phallic
Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli?
projective
What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?
psychological defense mechanisms
When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda, she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?
rationalization
A baseball player's son is quite talented; he has received lots of awards over the years. When he gets up to bat, he expects to get a hit, and when he is in the field, he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristic does this young man seem to have?
self-efficacy
Cattell, Allport and Eysenck were both prominent ________ theorists.
trait
