Chapter 12
What was the problem with labor contracts for many blacks
- The contracts were rarely done voluntarily, or on an equal basis. Blacks ended up at about the same station as during slavery
Why did the newly freed slaves organize their own church?
- They were unhappy with the message they received in white churches - They were tired of being treated like second-class citizens in white churches - The black preachers had very different styles than white ministers
What plan did Abraham Lincoln purpose regarding black voting before death
-Lincoln suggested that perhaps some Blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote
Why did many oppose the bill Thaddeus Stevens introduced to congress in 1865
-Many individuals felt that property rights of Southerners were more important than granting land to Blacks
How did newly freed slaves go about finding lost family members
-Newspaper Ads
What was the significance of the Election of 1866?
-Republicans gained two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate and could, therefore, override any presidential veto
How did slaves reactions to freedom differ?
-Some exhibited anger toward their formers masters -Some were very concerned about their futures and concerns -Some ran away immediately
How did some former masters react to the emancipation of their slaves?
-Some were tremendously hurt and surprised when their slaves chose to run away or leave
How did whites react to blacks attempting to establish schools in the south
-Sometimes with violence, including killing teachers. -Sometimes by burning schools. -With verbal opposition, stating that Africans simply could not learn.
What was a limitation of freedman's bureau
-There were never enough personnel involved and staff members frequently held racist views of Blacks -The Freedmen's Bureau was given huge responsibilities, including education, mediating labor contracts, obtaining land, and settling criminal disputes -Congress failed to appropriate enough money to the Freedmen's Bureau
What was the purpose of union leagues in the south
-They were social and political organizations in which black played a prominent role in
what was the main purpose of freedman's bureau
-To help newly freed slaves to get an education and skills to become a productive member of society
Why were black codes passed? What rights did they grant
-To keep African Americans from gaining land, jobs, and protection under the law - Apprenticeships to whites, purchase license
How did white southerners react to radical republicans
-With Violence - Uprising KKK
How did blacks react to black codes
-black codes helped undermine support for President Andrew Johnson and the Republican Party.
How and why did the church become such an important institution for blacks
-expression of community and unique African-American spirituality, and a reaction to discrimination.
How did church services differ by class and skin color for African Americans? Why?
-some churches would not allow certain skin colors and refused to service them
What characteristics did some black and white ministers preach against in their sermons to the newly freed slaves
A lack of morals, drinking, and gambling
Why did the Freedman's bureau try to get blacks to sign labor contracts with white landowners?
A) it was pressing for economic stability in the area
Which determination was especially fast-growing in the south after reconstruction
African Methodist episcopal
Who became president after Lincoln was assassinated?
Andrew Johnson
What did the 14th Amendment guarantee?
B) It made black codes unconstitutional
What purpose did churches not serve for African Americans
Because it was a very wealthy institution, it often provided loans to its members, helping them through difficult times
Why did many AA place such an importance on having land
Because they thought that having land equated to wealth
What policy did Johnson follow with respect to blacks during reconstruction
Black Codes
What did Joint committee on Reconstruction find?
Blacks were being treated poorly, southern whites didnt seem to realize they lost the war
What form of violence did the south take
D) none of these answers are correct
Why was education important to blacks
Education and freedom were close because that is the way they can prosper in society
how did things seem to be looking up for blacks in 1864
Emancipation Proclamation- Explain
Who is Charlotte E. Ray? opinion on blacks
First Black American female lawyer in the United States.
Why did andrew johnson veto the freedman's bureau bill
He felt it would increase the federal bureaucracy too much
What was the early federal land policy towards blacks during the war?
Homestead Act- apply to the federal government for a "homestead," or 160-acre plot of land.
What did the Radical Republicans not do to Andrew Johnson in response to his vetoes of Trumbull's bills
Impeach him
How did sharecropping affect the distribution of population after freedom
It more than doubled and the population increased across both lives
How did Andrew Johnson's becoming president affect blacks?
Johnson felt that Blacks should not vote or have role in government, and were vastly inferior to whites and Johnson destroyed many of their hopes
How did johnson treat former confederates
Johnson treated them with extreme leniency and many of the high leaders were granted pardons under Johnson
What was a common feature of many share-croppping agreements
Laborers could not quit or strikeLandowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised Most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent
How was Lincoln changing his opinion of blacks shortly before he was assassinated
Lincoln suggested that perhaps some Blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote
What would be an accurate description or Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episcopal
Membership included more prosperous, and lighter skinned, blacks in society
Which of the following was a black college established after the Civil War
Morehouse
How did former slaves react to freedom
Most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent. Landowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised. Laborers could not quit or strike
What was the main feature of many sharecropping agreements?
Most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent. Landowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised. Laborers could not quit or strike
Who were the "Radical Republicans" and what made them different from most white people
Radical Republicans- political party that favored harsh punishment of southern states after the civil war
Which of the following is not true of Special Order 15
Relative to the freed population slaves , it affected a very large number of people.
Which black man was selected from SC to participate in the 1864 Republican national convention
Robert Smalls
What were the terms of johnson's reconstruction plan
The confederate states had to accept the 13th amendment and repudiate all confederate war debts
What was Special Order #15 and how was it limited?
The confiscation of 40,000 coastal acres in GA SC and FL to be given 18,000 freedmen
What types of arguments did blacks use at conventions to try persuade whites to give them more rights
They reminded whites that blacks loved america and were patriotic; They asked for a justice that was blind to color; They asked that whites live by the terms of the Declaration of Independence
Which of the following was not part of the "black codes"
They restricted black occupations and labor with employment contracts
Which of the following is true about the importance of education to blacks after reconstruction?
They saw education and freedom as closely linked, and often went to great lengths to form schools and attend them
What happened to circular 13 and Special Order 15
They were both revoked. Land that had been given to blacks was returned to whites
What were some limitations of Black Teachers in the South?
They were often poorly educated themselves
Why was there so much violence in the South after the reconstruction?
White southerners were Frustrated by their loss during the Civil War, and resented Blacks acquiring freedom and status
Discuss the origins and passage of the freedman's bureau and civil rights bill of 1866
after the passage of 14th amendment and Johnson's vetoes
Aaron A. Bradley
an early African-American lawyer born into slavery. Bradley never divulged his age, but some speculate that he was born around 1815. He died in 1881
how did blacks become apathetic and content after receiving the right to vote
blacks initiated sit-ins, labor strikes etc
The church became the most important institution to blacks after reconstruction
church
Which of the following is true about port royal experiment
ex slaves began to work the land around port royal, south Carolina
What responsibilities and problems were faced by Freedman Bureau?
fed millions of people, built hospitals and provided medical aid, negotiated labor contracts for ex-slaves and settled labor disputes.
What was the role of many black colleges
gave black students the opportunity to obtain higher education when virtually no other colleges would.
What types of things did the Radical Republicans want during reconstruction?
including the vote (for males), property ownership, education, legal rights, and even the possibility of holding political office.
What effect did the first reconstruction act have on black political party?
it stated that all adult adult males could vote
what was true about the provisions of the civil rights act of 1866
it was intended to make black codes illegal
Which of the following is true about racially integrated schools in the south in the decades following reconstruction
no integrated schools were established immediately
What was the first concern of many AA once they achieved freedom?
reuniting with lost family members
How was radical reconstruction different that johnson's
strongly disagreed with him on the status that African American hould have in American society.
how did women's suffragists feel about the fourteenth amendment
they felt betrayed and angry
What was not true about northern teachers (black or white), who came to the south to teach
they rarely felt connection to their students
what do Fisk, Berea, Hampton, Tougaloo, and Avery college have in common
they were black schools established by religious organizations
why did many blacks meet in conventions in 1865 and 1866 across the south
to protest the black codes
How did white northerners react to their new black students
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