Chapter 12 Bio

DNA fragment A consists of _____ base pairs. 564 1,268 1,405 2,027 2,322

1,268

Learning through Art: DNA Profiling

1. DNA isolation 2. PCR 3. gel electrophoresis a. STR analysis b. long DNA fragment c. short DNA fragment

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___. A. adding alcohol B. heating C. treatment with an acid D. treatment with a strong base

B. heating

DNA Profiling - Question 4: If I cut a piece of DNA into one long and two short pieces, which of the following gels shows how it would look? A. B C D E

A

The sticky end of the DNA restriction fragment shown here will pair with a DNA restriction fragment with the sticky end _____. A. -ACGT B. -AAAA C. -ACGU D. -GTAC E. -TGCA

A. -ACGT

Learning through Art: Restriction Enzymes

A. Restriction Enzyme B. Restriction Site C. Sticky Ends D. DNA ligase E. Recombinant DNA

Why is Suspect 1 considered more likely to have committed the crime than Suspect 2? A. The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 1. B. The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 2. C. Suspect 1 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common that do the victim and Suspect 2. D. Suspect 2 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common that do the victim and Suspect 1. E. Suspect 1 and Suspect 2 have more DNA fragments in common than either have in common with the victim.

A. The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 1.

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____. A. sticky ends B. base sequences C. single strands D. restriction fragments E. ligases

A. sticky ends

DNA polymerase is a heat-sensitive enzyme. What is one thing that would need to be considered concerning the activity of this enzyme in PCR when the temperature is heated during each cycle to separate the DNA strands? A. that the DNA polymerase could be denatured B. that the DNA strands might melt C. that the primers might not work

A. that the DNA polymerase could be denatured

DNA Profiling - Question 3: I've accidentally hooked up the wires to this gel electrophoresis chamber backwards, with the positive pole at the top and the negative pole at the bottom. If I turn on the power with it hooked up this way, what will happen to the DNA? A. the DNA will move up the gel B. the DNA will move in a circle C. it will move down the gel as normal D. nothing the DNA will move down the gel but twice as fast

A. the DNA will move up the gel

This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 1? A B C D E

B

To create a molecule of recombinant DNA, which of the following is cut with a restriction enzyme? Check all that apply. A. Target RNA B. Target DNA C. DNA ligase D. starting DNA

B. Target DNA D. starting DNA

In gel electrophoresis DNA molecules migrate from _____ to _____ ends of the gel. A. acidic ... basic B. negative ... positive C. basic ... acidic D. long ... short E. positive ... negative

B. negative ... positive

DNA Profiling - Question 1: This model represents a DNA nucleotide. Which part of a DNA nucleotide contains a negative charge? A. base B. phosphate C. sugar D. double helix E. polynucleuotide

B. phosphate

This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 2? A B C D E

C

DNA fragment B consists of _____ base pairs. A. 564 B. 1,268 C. 1,405 D. 2,027 E. 2,322

C. 1,405

Check each of the true statements about the proteins involved in cutting and pasting DNA. More than one statement may be true. Check all that apply. A. A restriction enzyme can cut DNA ligase at its restriction site. B. DNA ligase cuts DNA at specific locations called restriction sites. C. DNA ligase pastes together segments of DNA with matching sticky ends. D. A particular restriction enzyme cuts DNA at multiple sequences. E. A particular restriction enzyme only cuts DNA at one very specific DNA sequence. F. A restriction enzyme cuts DNA while DNA ligase pastes DNA.

C. DNA ligase pastes together segments of DNA with matching sticky ends. E. A particular restriction enzyme only cuts DNA at one very specific DNA sequence. F. A restriction enzyme cuts DNA while DNA ligase pastes DNA.

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism? A. Dolly, the cloned sheep B. a bacterium found with a plasmid that provides protection against an antibiotic C. a bacterium with human gene for producing insulin D. a "test-tube" baby produced via in vitro fertilization

C. Dolly, the cloned sheep a bacterium found with a plasmid that provides protection against an antibiotic a bacterium with human gene for producing insulin a "test-tube" baby produced via in vitro fertilization

Which one of the following statements is correct? A. If a restriction fragment is cut with a restriction enzyme, even more restriction fragments will be produced. B. If a restriction site is cut with a restriction fragment, the results will be multiple restriction enzymes. C. If a restriction enzyme is combined with a piece of DNA that contains its restriction site, the result will be restriction fragments. D. If a restriction enzyme is cut at its restriction site, the result is one or more restriction fragments.

C. If a restriction enzyme is combined with a piece of DNA that contains its restriction site, the result will be restriction fragments.

When is PCR particularly applicable? A. When the accuracy is important, but speed is not B. When there are large quantities of DNA to analyze C. When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze D. When speed is important but accuracy is not

C. When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze

In this example the marker DNA includes fragments that have 23,130, 9,416, 6,557, 4,361, 2,322, 2,027, and 564 base pairs. Approximately how many base pairs are in the DNA fragment indicated by the letter B? A. between 23,130 and 9,416 base pairs B. between 9,416 and 6,557 base pairs C. between 6,557 and 4,361 base pairs D. between 4,361 and 2,322 base pairs E. between 2,322 and 2,027 base pairs

C. between 6,557 and 4,361 base pairs

Restriction enzymes __________________________. A. copy DNA B. bind DNA together at specific nucleotide sequences C. cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences D. restrict access to the DNA of a cell

C. cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome. A. bacterium B. restriction enzyme C. plasmid D. genetically modified organism

C. plasmid

Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _________. A. sequence B. charge C. size D. quantity

C. size

In this example the marker DNA includes fragments that have 23,130, 9,416, 6,557, 4,361, 2,322, 2,027, and 564 base pairs. Approximately how many base pairs are in the DNA fragment indicated by the letter A? A. 564 B. 2,027 C. 2,322 D. 6,557 E. 9,418

D. 6,557

What is the correct sequence of events that occur in a PCR reaction? A. separation of DNA strands; use of DNA polymerase to produce a second strand of DNA; addition of primers B. addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA; DNA strand separation C. use of DNA polymerase to produce a second strand of DNA; separation of DNA strands; addition of primers D. separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA

D. separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called __________________________. A. short tandem repeats B. gel electrophoresis C. recombinant DNA D. the polymerase chain reaction

D. the polymerase chain reaction

Which of these DNA molecules is the shortest? A B C D E

E

DNA Profiling - Question 2: This machine is used to create a large sample of DNA for testing from a small sample of DNA. What is that method called? A. DNA fingerprinting B. gel electrophoresis C. RFLP analysis D. DNA profiling E. PCR

E. PCR

Which of these genes codes for a protein that plays a role in growth? gastrin DCP1 SCLC6A4 KRTHA1 GH1

GH1

The ________was a massive scientific undertaking meant to identify and sequence all of the genes found in a human cell.

Human Genome Project

Which of these genes codes for a protein that plays a role in white blood cell function? DCP1 KRTHA1 MPO GLUT4 RP13

MPO

Which of these genes are located on the q arm of chromosome 17? gastrin and GH1 MPO and GLUT4 BLMH and RP13 RP13 and GLUT4 TP53 and KRTHA1

gastrin and GH1

This is just one example of __________, the branch of biology that studies whole ___________

genomics genomes

The RP13 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____. involved in glucose transport that is a component of hair and nails in the regulation of blood pressure involved in eye development involved in the determination of personality

involved in eye development

The TP53 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____. that plays a role in the digestive process that, in a particular variant, may play a role in Alzheimer's disease involved in glucose transport involved in the regulation of the cell cycle that is like a white blood cell protein

involved in the regulation of the cell cycle

One of the interesting conclusions from this project was that only about 1.5% of human DNA encodes for __________.

proteins

The gene that codes for gastrin is located on the _____ of chromosome 17. q² q arm p² p arm centromere

q arm

DNA Profiling - Question 5: In this gel, the DNA from the crime scene is loaded into the left-most lane. The DNA from suspect 1 is loaded into the middle lane. And DNA from suspect 2 is loaded into the right lane. What can you conclude from these DNA profiles? A. the profile from suspect 1 matches the crime scene B. the profile from suspect 2 matches the crime scene C. the profiles from suspects 1 and 2 both match the crime scene D. neither profile matches the crime scene E. you cannot conclude anything

the profile from suspect 2 matches the crime scene

Although it was groundbreaking for its time, it is now fairly routine to completely sequence the DNA of an organism using the _______________ method.

whole-genome shotgun