Chapter 12 Connect

The ______ body type is the simplest of sponge body forms. The ____ body type has choanocytes that line canals throughout the sponge body.

1. Asconoid 2. Syconoid

Match the sponge body type on the left with its correct description on the right.

1. Asconoid: Choanocytes line a large, central spongocoel with a single, large osculum 2. Syconoid: Inner choanoderm is folded into canals that lead to a spongocoel with a single osculum 3. Leuconoid: Masses with numerous oscula and flagellated chambers filled form incurrent canals and discharge into excurrent canals

Select all the types of animals that can live as commensals or parasites in or on sponges.

1. Bryozoans 2. Fish 3. Mites 4. Crabs

While the ______ of sponges are free-swimming, the ______ of sponges are attached to a substrate and are sessile.

1. Embryos 2. Adults

Match each type of asexual reproduction in sponges with its correct description.

1. Gemmules: Dormant buds that form internally and can develop into new sponges when favorable conditions return 2: Buds: Small pieces of the surface of the sponge that can break off or remain attached and form new sponges 3. Fragmentation: sponges Small pieces of the sponge break off to form new sponges

In syconoid sponges, water moves in through the ______ and out through the ______.

1. Incurrent Canals 2. Osculum

Match the sponge cell type on the left with its correct function on the right.

1. Pinacocyte: Provide outer covering. 2. Collencyte: Secretion of collagen. 3. Choanocytes: Create a water current.

Select all of the following that describe the Phylum Porifera.

1. Possess many tiny pores 2. Mostly a marine phylum with a few freshwater forms 3. Composed of organisms with radial or no symmetry 4. Extracellular matrix contains skeleton of spicules

Select all of the characteristics of an asconoid sponge.

1. Simple choanocyte layer lining the spongoecoel 2. Slender individuals attached to a common stolon 3. Small and tube-shaped

Select all of the following that describe archaeocytes.

1. They are ameboid cells. 2. They differentiate into more specialized cells. 3. They are phagocytes.

Select all of the following that describe choanocytes.

1. They can trap and phagocytize food particles 2. They are flagellated collar cells 3. They maintain a current of water through the canals of the sponge

The choanoflagellates are _____.

1. eukaryotic organisms. 2. organisms that resemble the feeding structures of sponges. 3. organisms that have cells with a flagellum surrounded by a collar.

Select all of the following that are body forms of sponges.

1. finger 2. tube 3. encrusting

Trace the flow of water through a syconoid sponge, starting at the top of the list with the incurrent canals.

1.Incurrent canals 2. Radial canals 3. Apopyles 4. Spongocoel 5. Osculum

Based on the figure, the type of sponge labeled as A would be a(n) ______ sponge, while B would represent a(n) _____ sponge.

A. Encrusting. B. Tube

Match each letter from the diagram of a simple sponge to its correct label.

A: Osculum B: Pinacocyte C: Choanocyte D: Ostium E: Spicule F: Porocyte

Based on the figure below, match the letter on the left with the appropriate structure on the right.

A:Osculum G: Spongocoel D: Ostium

Which of the following can be found in the mesohyl of sponges?

Ameboid Cells

The term metazoan would be used to describe which type of organism?

Animal

Food engulfed by cells is passed to _____ for intracellular digestion occur in sponges.

Archaeocytes

Sponge cells that can phagocytize food particles and differentiate into other cell types like spongocytes are called _____.

Archaeocytes

In relation to body type, the figure shown is recognized as a(n) ______ sponge.

Asconoid

A small, tube shaped sponge with a single osculum, and the simplest organization is a(n) _____.

Asconoid Sponge.

_____ is another name for the collar cells in sponges.

Choanocyte

The figure is a representation of the _____ cells of a sponge.

Choanocytes

A colonial aquatic eukaryote characterized by a flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli best describes the _____.

Choanoflagellates.

A sponge growing on the shell of a mollusc is an example of what type of relationship?

Commensalism.

Sponges don't have a skeleton composed of bone, but they do have spicules that form a rigid structure. The spicules are _____.

Composed of silica or calcium carbonate.

What key feature of sponges allows them to obtain food and gases and to excrete substances?

Current of water flowing through their bodies

In sponges, the openings of the invaginations of the body wall are called incurrent canals or _____.

Dermal Pores.

Incoming water enters a sponge through _____

Dermal pores

True or false: This simplest multicellular animals are the protozoans.

False.

In the figure below of a syconoid sponge, the letter C represents the _____ canal.

Incurrent

Digestion in sponges takes place within individual cells rather than in a cavity. This type of digestion is referred to as

Intracellular Digestion

In sponges, the pinacoderm Multiple choice question.

Is a layer of cells containing incurrent pores.

A grouping used by scientists to refer to all multicellular animals is

Metazoan.

The _____ is the opening through which water is able to exit the sponge.

Osculum

Water leaves the spongocoel through the _____.

Osculum

In addition to suspension feeding, choanocytes acquire larger particles for food through the process of _____.

Phagocytosis.

The _____ is the outer layer of cells of a sponge.

Pinacoderm

_____ is the process used by sponges to intake protein molecules.

Pinocytosis

Small, platelike marine organisms that lack symmetry and organs are placed in the Phylum _____.

Placozoa

_____ are small platelike animals that feed by secreting digestive enzymes on their food.

Placozoans

Sessile marine animals that have no organs and rely on moving water through pores to filter feed belong to the Phylum _____.

Porifera

_____ are tubular cells that form pores, while ______ are ameboid cells in the mesohyl with various functions.

Porocytes; archaeocytes

In a syconoid sponge, small lateral openings called ______ let water into the radial canals from the incurrent canals.

Prosopyles

Locomotion of adult sponges can typically be characterized as Multiple choice question.

Sessile.

In the figure below, the structure labeled E is a(n) _____.

Spicule

The sponge has a structural system composed of calcareous or siliceous spikes called _____.

Spicules

The sponge has a structural system composed of calcareous or siliceous spikes called _____

Spicules.

Research has suggested that choanoflagellates have proteins that are homologous to cell-to-cell signaling proteins of metazoans. This would suggest that choanoflagellates might be a common ancestor for

Sponges.

The _____ are often categorized as the simplest multicellular animals.

Sponges.

Sponges of the class Demospongiae secrete a form of collagen called _____.

Spongin

In asconoid and syconoid sponges, the central cavity called the ______ is lined with choanocytes.

Spongocoel

The inner chamber of the sponge that is lined with choanocytes is called the _____.

Spongocoel

In relation to body type, this figure is recognized as a(n) ______ sponge.

Syconoid

The net-like region around the flagellum in this figure functions to _____.

Trap food particles.

Sponges could be considered to be an integral part of reef systems since they pump about about 1500 liters of _____ through their bodies each day.

Water.

Gemmules

are an adaptation to harsh conditions. remain dormant for extended periods. are surrounded by spongin.

Scientists are investigating the possibility that the _____ and metazoans might share a common ancestor due to the presence of homologous proteins.

choanoflagellates

Fibers of the structural protein _____ are found throughout the extracellular matrix of sponges.

collagen

Feeding in placozoans can be described as _____.

extracellular with digestive enzymes secreted on food source

An asexual form of reproduction where a sponge breaks into parts that go on to form new individuals is called _____.

fragmentation

Asexual reproduction in sponges can occur by the formation of external buds or by the formation of internal buds called _____.

gemmules

What dormant masses of resistant capsules allow sponges to survive unfavorable conditions?

gemmules

Fragmentation _____.

is a type of asexual reproduction in sponges.

The Phylum Placozoa _____.

lacks symmetry and organs. has only one species represented.

Mesohyl in sponges can be described as _____.

loosely arranged cells and skeletal elements in a gelatinous matrix.

Similar to the Cnidarians and Ctenophorans, Placozoans are diploblastic, meaning they have germ layers. (input number of germ layers)

two