Chapter 1.2 Experiment Questions

A changeable feature in an experiment is called a constant. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

A sample is much larger than all such individuals or events that exist in the world. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

Science can be used to answer all questions. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

Scientists can study all aspects of the natural world, including experimenting on an extinct animal. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

The dependent variable is always the opposite of the independent variable. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

The independent variable in a scientific experiment is the variable that is affected by the dependent variable. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

The more times an experiment is repeated and the same results are obtained, the more likely the results are invalid. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

The process of repeating an experiment is called overlapping. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

____ is the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same result.

Precision

____ is a distinctive way of gaining knowledge about the natural world.

Science

An experiment generally tests how one variable is affected by another specific variable. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

In a study with human subjects, the greater the sample, the greater the likelihood that it represents the whole population. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

Salk's polio vaccine experiment minimized both chance error and bias. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

Salk's variable trial was a double-blind experiment. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

Which of the following must be true about a scientific experiment? SELECT THAT ALL APPLY a. It must have a control. b. It must have a testable and measurable variable. c. It must be reproducible. d. It must produce the desired results.

a. It must have a control. b. It must have a testable and measurable variable. c. It must be reproducible.

Why are homozygote twin studies extremely helpful? a. differences are usually due to environmental influences b. differences are usually due to genetics c. differences are due to both genetics and the environment d. none of the above

a. differences are usually due to environmental influences

A(n) ____ often tests how one variable is affected by another. a. experiment b. forecast c. observation d. prediction

a. experiment

Identical twins who were raised separately from birth are good subjects for studying the effects of genes versus the environment. Which of the following subjects are twin studies utilized. SELECT THAT APPLY a. studies on human development b. studies on human health c. studies on human behavior

a. studies on human development b. studies on human health c. studies on human behavior

Salk's polio vaccine experiment included about ____ subjects. a. 1 million b. 1.2 million c. 1,200 million d. 120,000

b. 1.2 million

Which of these DOES NOT describe a variable in a control experiment ? a. A variable that does affect the dependent variable. b. A variable that does not affect the dependent variable. c. A variable that is controlled by the scientist. d. Something that always stays the same.

b. A variable that does not affect the dependent variable.

Which is most likely used as a placebo? a. an aspirin b. a sugar pill c. a vitamin pill d. penicillin

b. a sugar pill

A scientific ____ must have a control, so that the variables that could affect the outcome is reduced. a. conclusion b. experiment c. investigation d. reasoning

b. experiment

A special type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions, usually in a laboratory, is known as an ____. a. observation b. experiment c. both A and B d. none of the above

b. experiment

The tendency to see what we want or expect to see is an example of experimental ____.

bias

The ____ the sample size is, the more likely it is that the results are generally true.

bigger

A variable that is held constant in an experiment is called a(n) ____ variable.

controlled

The ____ variables are held constant in an experiment.

controlled

An experiment a. is performed under controlled conditions. b. generally tests how one variable is affected by another. c. contributes important evidence that helps scientists better understand the natural world. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Where can science be done? a. in the ocean b. in a kitchen c. in a laboratory d. all of the above

d. all of the above

An experiment generates evidence to test a(n) ____. a. conclusion b. observation c. question d. hypothesis

d. hypothesis

The affected variable in an experiment is the ____ variable.

dependent

The affected variable is the ____ variable. dependent variable independent variable

dependent variable

In a ____ experiment, the subjects that are in each group are unknown to both the subjects and the researchers. a. double-random b. blind c. double-blind d. random

double-blind

Experimental ____ is a factor that can arise from incorrect use of measuring tools or malfunctioning equipment.

error

A(n) ____ is a special type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions typically including a dependent and independent variable.

experiment

A(n) ____ is a special type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions.

experiment

A(n) ____ is special type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions.

experiment

An ____ is a test that is used to eliminate one or more of the possible hypotheses until one hypothesis remains.

experiment

Identify the dependent variable in the following experiment: A scientist grew bacteria on gel in her lab. She wanted to find out if the bacteria would grow faster on gel A or gel B. She placed a few bacteria on gel A and a few on gel B. After 24 hours, she observed how many bacteria were present on each type of gel. gel A or gel B growth of the bacteria

growth of the bacteria

Scientists use the principles of their ____ to make predictions.

hypothesis

The ____ variable in Lind's scurvy experiment is the daily supplement received by the subject pairs.

independent

In a scientific experiment, which is the manipulated variable? dependent variable independent variable

independent variable

The variable in a scientific experiment that is manipulated by the researcher to investigate its effect on the dependent variable is the ____.

independent variable

____ is the measure of how close a calculated or measured quantity is to its actual value.

Accuracy

The ____ ____ is a psychologically-based reaction to a treatment that occurs just because the subject undergoing that treatment.

placebo effect

The ____ in an experiment consists of the individuals or events that are actually studied.

sample

The goal of ____ is to understand the natural world.

science