Chapter 12 - Fungi

What are Basidiomycota? Sexual spores? Asexual spores?

( CLUB FUNGI) have septate hyphae and include fungi that produce fruiting structure called mushrooms (complex molds) Sexual--- Basidospores from basidium Asexual- Condiospores

What are Zygomycota? What are the Asexual spores? What are the sexual spores?

(CONJUGATION FUNGI) have coenocytic hyphae saprophytic molds- (Fungus that absorbs nutrients from dead organism) Asexual spores----sporangiospores Sexual spore---- zygospores

What are Ascomycota? Sexual spores? Asexual spores?

(SAC FUNGI) molds with hyphae-( Long, branched, tubular filaments in the thalli of molds) and some yeast) Sexual----Ascospores Asexual --- condia from condiospores

What are the Sexual spores

1. Ascospores SAC FUNGI yeast, some molds, formed in a sac (ascus) 2. Zygospores molds (filamentous), fusion of haploid cells which produce on zygospore. 3. Basidospores complex molds (mushrooms), formed externally on a pedestal (basidium) Phases of sexual reproduction: Plasmogamy - the haploid nucleus of a donor (+) cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient (-) cell. Karyogamy - nuclei fuse to form diploid zygote nucleus. Meiosis - forms haploid nuclei (sexual spores) that are genetic recombinants.

Spores formed by fragmentation of septate hyphae are called. A. Arthroconidia B. Chlamydospores C. Sporangiospores D. None of the above

A

1. Which of the following statements about fungi is false? All fungi are unicellular All fungi have eukaryotic cells Few fungi are pathogenic to humans Most fungi are aerobic Fungi are heterotrophic

All fungi are unicellular

All of these are types of fungal asexual spores EXCEPT: Ascospore. Arthrospore. Chlamydospore. Conidiospore.

Ascospore

Chlamydospores

Asexual --------Molds formed by thick walled spore (hypha cells)

Arthrospores (arthroconidia)

Asexual --------molds, formed by fragments of septae hyphae into single cells.

Condiospores

Asexual------ are a unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac. Conidia are produced in a chain at the end of aerial hyphae called conidiophores.

What are sporangiospores?

Asexual--------molds, formed within a sac called sporangium. Ex. Rhizopus Sporangia are formed at the end of aerial hyphae called sporangiophores.

Blastospores (blastoconidia)-

Asexual----produced by budding from a parent cell Yeast, some molds - E.x Candida albicans

Pathogenic fungi are ___ at 37°C and ___ at 25°C A. Multicellular, Unicellular B. Yeast like, Mold like C. Mold like, yeast like D. All of the above

B

Yeasts are ___ fungi and molds are ___ fungi A. macroscopic, Microscopic B. unicellular, filamentous C. motile, non motile D. water, terrestrial

B

1. Asexual pores produced by budding from a parent yeast cell are called Arthroconidia Blastoconidia Sporangiospores None of the above

Blastoconidia

1. Yeasts, such as Saccharomyces reproduce by an uneven cell division called: 2. Fission. Dimorphism. Budding. Meiosis.

Budding

Asexual spores formed within a sac: A. Chlamydospores B. Conidiospores C. Sporagiospores D. None of the above

C

What are superficial mycoses and what are examples?

Caused by fungi that grow on the surface of the skin or hair EX. NAIL INFECTION --> caused by the yeast like organism Candida.

What is the cell wall of fungi called? What is it composed of?

Chitin (no peptidoglycan) A polysaccharide that forms part of the exoskeleton.

_______ Produce basidiospores. Yeast Dimorphic fungi Club fungi Sac fungi None of the above

Club fungi

2 types of spores can reproduce ASEXUALLY?

Condiospores and sporangiospores

What is septate hyphae?

Divided into cross walls (septa) which divide them into unicellular cell-like units.

Which of the following are fungal asexual spores? A. Ascospore. B. Arthrospore. C. Conidiospore. D. A &B E. B &C

E

What is systemic or deep mycoses?

Fungal infections deep within the body that affect many tissues and organs. Often fatal. Involve internal organs - lungs other organs - Inhale spores Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioides immitis Blastomyces dermatitidis Paracoccidioidomycosis brasiliensis

What is cutaneous mycoses or dermatomycoses?

Growth occurs only in the superficial layers (keratin) of skin, nails, or hair. EX. Ringworm or athlete's foot

What is dimorphism?

Having 2 forms of growth Pathogenic fungi are yeast like at 37C and reproduce by budding and mold like at 25C and produce vegetative and aerial hyphae.

1. The body of a mold or fleshy fungus is made up of long loosely packed filaments called Soma Hyphae Thallus Mycelium

Hyphae

What is Subcutaneous mycoses?

Penetrates below/beneath the skin. Involves subcutaneous, connective, and bone tissue. EX. Penetrates the dermis after a skin trauma

What is Fungi reproduction?

Primarily through spores formed on special reproductive hyphae and budding in yeast.

1. Fungi are important in the production of all of the following commercial produces except Bread Beer Cheese Rubber Antibiotics

Rubber

Fungal infections of the lungs and deeper body tissues are called: Subcutaneous mycoses. Cutaneous mycoses. Systemic mycoses. Superficial mycoses.

Systemic mycoses.

What is a hyphae?

The fungal thallus (body) of mold or fungus consist the vegetative, nonproductive part of the organism consist of these long branch tubular filaments called hyphae. A collection of hyphae are called mycelium.

Describe how fungi obtain nutrients.

They absorb their nutrients from their surroundings from the hyphae. Chemoheterotroph Microorganism that uses organic compounds for both energy and carbon. Heterotrophic (use organic compounds a carbon source; they can't make their own sugars; no photosynthesis

What is the non reproductive form of fungi called?

Vegetative non-reproductive body of fungus is called the THALLUS and the long branched tubular filament is called the HYPHAE.

1. Which group of fungi is known as the conjugation fungi? Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

Which group of fungi are known as the conjugation fungi? Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

What group of fungi is classified as conjugation fungi? What are two examples of conjugation fungi? What type of spores do they produce?

Zygomycota Rhizopus and Mucor The rhizoids, black mold on stale bread. The tiny dots on the mold are sporangia

1. Conidiospore is a/an ___ spore. sexual asexual nonsexual none of the above

asexual

1. In general, fungi derive nutrients through photosynthesis engulfing bacteria digesting organic substrates parasitism

digesting organic substrates

What is mycoses?

fungal disease

What is coencytic hypahe?

multinucleate cell and has no cross-walls and looks like one long filament.

What is sexual reproduction?

spores are formed following fusion of male & female strains & formation of sexual structure

What is asexual reproduction?

spores are formed through budding or in conidia or sporangiospores

Know the importance of fungi in the environment.

• Fungi are important decomposers and recyclers in the environment. • Breaking down dead organisms (plants) • Help plants absorb water and nutrients. • Important in the study of metabolism, growth, and development in genetics and biotechnology.

Be able to identify products made from fungi that are beneficial to humans.

• Yeast to produce alcohol and raise bread • Production of antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin and immunosuppressive drugs as cyclosporine ( makes organ transplants) and mevinic acids (cholesterol reducing agent) • Mushrooms which we eat • Citric acid, soy sauce, some cheeses.