Chapter 12

Which of the following examinations are considered to be unnecessary radiologic procedures? 1. Chest x-ray study as part of a preemployment physical 2. Screening mammography 3. Whole-body multislice spiral CT

1 and 3 only

A woman who is 3 months pregnant has been in a motor vehicle accident. The emergency room physician suspects there is injury to her cervical spine and thus feels justified in ordering an x-ray examination to aid in determining the extent of the patient's injury. Because the patient is pregnant, the radiographer should: 1. Select the smallest technical exposure factors that will produce a diagnostically useful image. 2. Adequately and precisely collimate the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest. 3. Shield the patient's lower abdomen and pelvic region with a suitable protective contact shield.

1, 2, and 3

Federal regulations in the United States for Food and Drug Administration Certification of screening mammography facilities state that the mean dose to the glandular tissue of a 4.5-cm compressed breast using a screen-film mammography system should not exceed which of the following?

3 mGyt per view

Pediatric patients require special consideration and appropriate radiation protection procedures because they are more vulnerable to which of the following?

Both the late somatic effects and genetic effects of radiation.

In fluoroscopy, how is the amount of radiation that a patient receives usually estimated?

By measuring the radiation exposure rate at the tabletop and multiplying this by the fluoroscopy time.

Direct patient shielding is not typically used in:

CT

The use of the PA projection during a juvenile scoliosis radiographic examination results in which of the following?

Lower entrance exposure dose to the anterior body surface, thereby significantly reducing the dose to the breast.

In which of the following projections will a young female receive a significantly lower dose to her breast tissue during a chest x-ray study?

PA

As a consequence of their anatomic location, the female reproductive organs receive about _____ exposure during a given radiographic procedure involving the pelvic region than do the male reproductive organs.

Three times more.

If a maximum of 500 people were inhabiting the earth and each person were to receive an equivalent dose (EqD) of 0.005 Sv gonadal radiation, the gross genetic effect would _____ the effect occurring if 50 individual inhabitants were each to receive 0.05 Sv of gonadal radiation and no equivalent dose were received by other inhabitants.

identical to