Chapter 12: Land-Use Planning
Why does unplanned urban growth have high energy cost?
- Single-family homes use more energy than multifamily homes. - Single-use zoning separates critical services. - Use of automobiles for transportation is required.
How have laws encourage urban sprawl and the growth of large, expensive homes?
-Capital gains taxes can be avoided by buying a more expensive home. -areas are zoned for a single use versus multiple uses. -Mortgage loan interest is tax deductible.
Which of these factors of relative wealth have contribute to a high rate of urban sprawl?
-Desire for large homes and lots. -willingness to drive sizable distance from home to work.
What factors can cause city centers to die?
-Dispersal of jobs to the suburbs. -Dispersal of retail services to suburbs
Which of the following are reasons of the population shift different world to urban at the end of the 1800s?
-Technology made agriculture more efficient. -Culture opportunities were more abundant in cities. -European immigrants settled in cities.
What observations lead people to believe that flooding are worse now than they were over the last 100 to 200 years?
-Upstream flood control measures have down flooding more severe. -The economic loss from flooding has increased.
Identify special considerations that should be made for a parcel of land in the land use planning process
-unique geologic, geographic, or biological features -Cost of altering the land to a proposed use. -Arrangements of mixed housing and commercial development
From 1960 to 2015, where people lived change significantly. In 1960, ________of people lived in suburbs, and in 2015, _________of people lived in suburbs.
33%; 52%
Utilizing public transportation can significantly reduce the number of automobiles on the road and the subsequent pollution from them. If the average city bus conceit 50 people in the average vehicle driving to work has 1.3 people, how many cars would be off the road if the bus were full??
38
How much time is the average MetroPolitan Citizen sitting in traffic every year?
40 hours per year
Most parking lots are constructed of materials that are nearly 100% impermeable and allowed pollutants from cars to be washed away. If 10,000 gallons of pre-dissipation fell over an area that allowed up to 50% of participation to infiltrate, how much water would stay on site instead of being discharged to streams?
5,000
What percentage of wetlands in the United States, not including Alaska, remain from pre-European settlement?
54
What is a urban growth limit?
A boundary that limits the growth of urban development
What does the satellite image of the United States, take it at night, show?
Adjacent urban areas have grown until they merged to become megalopolis, as the light shows.
Sewage treatment plants, dairy farms, emergency sirens, or cell phone towers are all examples of necessary features that caused a little to no physical harm to people but are harmful________.
Aesthetically
Creating a land-use setting where several land uses are mixed in a small area Reduces the dependence on ________and strengthens the connection between each land-use.
Automobiles
What emission source causes the most air pollution and smog and urban environment?
Automobiles
in the city of Los Angeles, 70% of the surface area in the city is dedicated in someway to the needs of __________
Automobiles
As industrial Pollution in urban crowding made City centers undesirable places to live, how did the economic demographic of cities change?
Cities became places of poverty as pollution lowered property values. Only individuals without the means to replace stayed in the city center.
Levees, dams, retention basins, and retaining walls are flood- _______ measures used in residential and commercial developments on floodplains.
Control
Which of the following are reasons people moved to megacities or they're associated slums?
Cultural opportunities, Better employment opportunities, social services.
Automobile dependency, heating and cooling cost of single-family, and traffic congestion are examples of the high ______ cost of unplanned Urban growth.
Energy
In regard to urban sprawl, wealth is not influence whether people live in the central city or in the suburbs.
False
Large portions of the globe show no signs of impact from humankind, and many have ever been visited.
False
What option do farmers have to protect their land from being used for anything but farming my future users?
Farmers can I like to place their land in a conservative easement and enjoy lower taxes after word.
Many large cities were establish a long waterways and are currently located in _________, which are prone to flooding.
Flood plaines
Many activities that keep a city safe, fed, connected, or clean are aesthetically _______ but necessary. Some of these include wastewater treatment facilities, waste transfer stations, or even grease traps from restaurants.
Harmful
An area adjacent to a river that statistically floods every 500 years is _________ in elevation than an area that experience is floods every 100 years.
Higher
Improvement of roadways or developments A new transportation corders stimulate growth in the areas served. This development causes the roadways to eventually become ________ to meet the needs of the population.
Inadequate
Improvements of roadways or development of new transportation corridors Stimulate growth in the areas third. This development causes the roadways to eventually become ____________to meet the needs of the population.
Inadequate
All forms of physical, social, and economic elements needed to support a population make up the _______.
Infrastructure
Competition for the use of _______ will increase as world population grows and requires space for agriculture, development, and natural resources. Increased demand will require more systematic planning
Land
Planning for multiple transportation options and setting growth limits to conserve resources and encouraged if element in areas with existing infrastructure are special considerations in the _________planning process
Land use
A Urban sprawl continues over time and slowly connects two cities with continuous development, the joined Urban areas become more of a regional city called a ________.
Megalopolis
How large is a make a city?
More than 10 million people
Which of the following is a direct result of urban sprawl and the suburbanization of land?
Natural areas have been destroyed and can never be fully restored.
A major factor in making pleasant urban areas in the incorporation of ___________to visually ease the congestion of the city. The result of incorporating the spaces is an improved aesthetic and quality of life in an urban environment.
Open spaces
The process of evaluating the needs and wants of the population, the land, and alternatives is called land-use________.
Planning
The number of people living in the central city of urban areas has ________between 1950 and 2015.
Reduced
As suburbs developed, land was bought and sold for profit. The result was an industry that treated Land as a commodity instead of a renewable ____________.
Resource
Progressive land-use planning should limit development in an area to a level that can be sustained by the available_________.
Resources
Urban sprawl that consists of a large number of commercial developments along a main roadway or highway connecting suburban housing and Urban centers is called _______ development.
Ribbon
What type of urban sprawl has large groups of similar homes position far from urban centers is called _____ development.
Ribbon
Early American cities were located near _________.
Rivers
Most land use decision are based on ____________term needs versus _______term investment.
Short; long
Unplanned suburban growth is known as urban _________.
Sprawl
In a town where single-family housing, multiple-family housing, light industrial, commercial, and heavy industrial land uses are all separated to specific areas of the city, the zoning ordinances tend to create a(n) _______ pattern of development.
Sprawling
New neighborhood of Urban sprawl enjoy the benefits of new roads, dedicated police and fire forces, or schools. Funds for these services come from _______ paid by residents of the entire state or country.
Taxes
New neighborhood of Urban sprawl enjoy the benefits of new roads, dedicated police and fire forces, or schools. Funds for these services come from ________ paid by residents of the entire state or country.
Taxes
How are civilian services such as sewer lines, roadways installation and maintenance, and police protection paid for in new suburban areas?
Taxes from the entire city, state, or nation are used to fund the improvements or expansion of service.
Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington, DC, and Albuquerque are some of the oldest or largest cities in the United States. What factor allows the cities to be the first to establish and maintain intense development for so long?
These locations had access to clean, navigable waterways that allowed for cameras, trade, and health factors
Development in geologically ________areas is harmful to the environment because eventually the land well fail. These failures result in the loss of life, damage property, and the release of contaminants into the environment.
Unstable
What observations lead people to believe that floods are worse now than they were over the last 100 to 200 years?
Upstream flood control measures have made downstream flooding more severe.
Agricultural land is now further away from city Centers than it was in the past because of ________sprawl.
Urban
In the United States, 1 million acres of land is being converted to _______ uses every year.
Urban
______Is characterized by developed areas fragmented with wide gap's between other developed areas, low density housing with limited choice, meandering streets instead of grids, and single use the zoning.
Urban sprawl
What resource can be the most limiting to development, aside from the availability of land, in the United States?
Water
What effect did industrial development have on streams and rivers in the early cities of the United States?
Waterfront became polluted and unhealthy due to industrial waste
Urban sprawl can be supported by the relative ___________ of a population, which can lead to household having more than one vehicle in their own home and copious amount of material possessions..
Wealth
Which of the following are types of urban sprawl?
Wealthy suburbs, ribbon sprawl, track development ,leapfrogging development
Estuaries, marshes, and swamps are all examples of _______ and are covered with water all of part of the year.
Wetlands
_________ are critical for providing habitats for aquatic species as well as nesting and spawning grounds, and serve as natural filters for sediment and runoff.
Wetlands
In an effort to restrict development that may eventually be subject to costly for flood damage, many communities have floodplain __________ ordinance.
Zoning
