Chapter 12

How did Lincoln win the election of 1860 with barely 40 percent of the popular vote? Question 46 options: The other candidate turned his votes over to Lincoln. Lincoln won the Electoral College. The contest was decided by the Supreme Court. The runner-up died two weeks prior, turning those votes over to Lincoln.

Lincoln won the Electoral College.

Why was it challenging for election organizers to determine who had the right to vote on the Kansas referendum about slavery? Question 33 options: Abolitionists stormed the central office and destroyed the voting cards. New people settled in the region daily hoping to influence the vote. Voting requirements were also hotly contested and unclear. Slaveholders tried to get the right to vote for their slaves.

New people settled in the region daily hoping to influence the vote.

What party emerged and stood against the expansion of slavery in the 1854 congressional elections? Question 26 options: Democrat Republican Whig Democratic-Republican

Republican

How did the gold rush affect the demographic makeup of California? Question 9 options: The Anglo-American population increased dramatically. The number of foreign-born immigrants outnumbered Anglo-Americans. The number of foreign-born immigrants outnumbered Indians and Mexicans combined. The number of Asian Americans increased dramatically.

The Anglo-American population increased dramatically.

What happened when the Democratic party could not select a candidate at its convention for the election of 1860? Question 45 options: The Democrats did not run a candidate in the national election. The Democrats split into northern and southern factions. Some party members supported Republicans, while others joined the Constitutional Union party. The Democrats held three ballots until settling on Abraham Lincoln as a candidate.

The Democrats split into northern and southern factions.

What was the impact of the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850? Question 14 options: Temporary peace and cooperation between slave and free states Arousal of deeper hostilities between slave and free states Realization that no free blacks were safe anywhere in America Calls for President Zachary Taylor's impeachment

Arousal of deeper hostilities between slave and free states

Under what circumstances did the greatest number of African Americans go to Texas, Missouri, and Kansas? Question 13 options: As slaves of white planters As pioneers moving west As members of Indian tribes As slaves of Indians

As slaves of white planters

All across the North, what groups lobbied against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850? Question 20 options: Free blacks and poor whites Predominantly free blacks Predominantly wealthy whites Both whites and blacks of varying backgrounds

Both whites and blacks of varying backgrounds

What effect did the execution of John Brown have on southern whites? Question 42 options: Their fears were allayed because his execution sent a message in defense of slavery. Southern whites used even greater violence toward their slaves. Brown's execution did little to assure southern whites that the institution of slavery was safe. Southern whites were motivated to arm themselves and their plantations against the next Brown.

Brown's execution did little to assure southern whites that the institution of slavery was safe.

What were American pioneers venturing west toward the Pacific coast during the mid-nineteenth century seeking? Question 2 options: Religious freedom Economic opportunity Political opportunity Freedom from social hierarchies

Economic opportunity

What was Lincoln's position on the rights of free blacks during his 1858 senatorial campaign? Question 38 options: Economic opportunity but not social or political equality Economic opportunity and social equality but no political rights Social and political equality along with economic opportunity Economic opportunity and political rights but no social equality

Economic opportunity but not social or political equality

How did the gold rush influence racialized gender roles in the region? Question 10 options: Anglo-American women were vulnerable to sexual harassment and rape. Indian and Mexican women were vulnerable to sexual harassment and rape. Indian and Mexican women became valued members of Anglo families and communities. Chinese women were recruited to marry the many single Anglo-American men.

Indian and Mexican women became valued members of Anglo families and communities.

Which groups populated the West in large numbers before American pioneers and other European immigrants began migrating westward? Question 3 options: Indians and Mexicans Indians and Eskimos Mexicans and Asians Asians and Indians

Indians and Mexicans

When fugitive slave Anthony Burns was ordered removed from Boston and returned to his master in the South, why were hundreds of ordinary citizens agonized by the process and trying to stop it? Question 28 options: It forced them to reflect on their complicity with the institution of slavery. It made them realize how powerless they were over the federal government. Burns was actually a free black man known for working out of Boston's seaport. The Burns case first awakened white northern abolitionists to the horrors of the Fugitive Slave Act.

It made them realize how powerless they were over the federal government.

Why did the proslavery ruling in the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision backfire on the South? Question 37 options: It preserved the right of slaves to sue in federal courts. Since blacks were not citizens, it nullified the three-fifths compromise. It gave Congress the power to exclude slavery from future territories. It convinced northerners of a proslavery conspiracy in the federal government.

It preserved the right of slaves to sue in federal courts.

Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America in 1861? Question 48 options: James Henry Hammond Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America in 1861? Question 48 options: James Henry Hammond Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee

Jefferson Davis

Why did so many northerners ignore the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793? Question 15 options: Northerners resented the imposition of slaveholding values on their states. The law was passed illegally by powerful southerners. The Fugitive Slave Act turned free states into slave states. Northerners held less regard for the laws than southerners did.

Northerners resented the imposition of slaveholding values on their states.

Why did opening up the Santa Fe Trail to commerce ultimately lead to the destruction of the Comanche empire? Question 12 options: One of the Comanche's most crucial trading items, bison, was destroyed and greatly weakened the tribe economically. Opening the trail made it easy for great numbers of Anglo-Americans to migrate, and they declared war on the Comanche. Vast tracts of lands were planted with corn and other vegetation that were used to feed travelers but virtually worthless for trade. Opening the trail facilitated the building of a coalition of competing tribes who ultimately defeated the Comanche.

One of the Comanche's most crucial trading items, bison, was destroyed and greatly weakened the tribe economically

What group of people was likely to make the trip west? Question 8 options: Free blacks and Irish immigrants Single men without dependents Poor families looking for opportunity Families of middling status

Poor families looking for opportunity

What political party attracted both ardent abolitionists and men whose only concern was keeping western territories open to free white men? Question 31 options: Democrats Whigs American Republicans

Republicans

Which southern state was the first to secede from the union in the wake of Abraham Lincoln's election as president in 1860? Question 39 options: Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

South Carolina

Where did the journey on the Oregon Trail begin for most overland pioneers? Question 6 options: Portland, Oregon Albany, New York Louisville, Kentucky St. Louis, Missouri

St. Louis, Missouri

What was a consequence of the United States' new alliance with Japan under Pierce's presidency? Question 24 options: A shared approach to governance and defense U.S. respect for nations with different values and lifestyles Strained relations with China and Russia U.S. acquisition of Formosa and other nearby territories

Strained relations with China and Russia

What impact did the massive migration west in the mid-nineteenth century have on the national identity of the United States? Question 7 options: The United States embraced its racial diversity. The United States became an expanding empire. The United States developed a rural western identity. The United States became known as the land of opportunity.

The United States became an expanding empire.

What development pushed the issue of slavery to the center of national debate? Question 1 options: The end of the international slave trade The invention of the cotton gin The expansion westward The dedication and fervor of abolitionists

The expansion westward

What conditions of westward expansion created a market for the jeans Levi Strauss invented in the 1850s? Question 11 options: The reliance on horseback for transportation The breakdown of gender roles and desire for uniform dress The wide availability of cotton and advanced production facilities The harsh weather and physical work environment

The harsh weather and physical work environment

Why did everyone in the North believe that southern secession was going to be a temporary, fleeting development? Question 50 options: No one believed slaveholders would take such a serious risk. The states to secede were economically limited and financially vulnerable. Half of the federal government was still run by southerners or southern sympathizers. The North was willing to give into their demands anyway.

The states to secede were economically limited and financially vulnerable.

Why did presidential candidate for the American party Millard Fillmore receive so few votes in the election of 1856? Question 36 options: He was tainted by his legacy as a failed former president. His own party refused to campaign for him. He was too much of a staunch abolitionist. The strength of nativist sentiment was waning.

The strength of nativist sentiment was waning.

What inspired abolitionist John Brown to believe that direct action was the only way to achieve abolition and equality for blacks? Question 40 options: The writings of David Walker and "Bleeding Kansas" "Bleeding Kansas" and the writings of Frederick Douglass The fights in Congress and "Bleeding Kansas" "Bleeding" Kansas and the Lincoln-Douglas debates

The writings of David Walker and "Bleeding Kansas"

What enabled the Republican party to attract followers rapidly? Question 32 options: Their proposal for commercial development and internal improvements Their expansionist vision for the West and South Their willingness to advocate the complete abolition of slavery Their successful promotion of Abraham Lincoln as an ordinary man with humble roots

Their proposal for commercial development and internal improvements

How did "conductors" of the Underground Railroad coordinate efforts with one another from region to region? Question 17 options: They really didn't coordinate together. They met monthly at Quaker meetings. Secret messages were printed in newspapers. They relied on slaves to transmit information.

They really didn't coordinate together

What forced many Indian nations to settle in the northern half of the Louisiana Territory? Question 29 options: They were displaced by white American settlers again. The northern land was more fertile and productive than the southern. Indians had to move north under the purchase agreement between France and the United States. A drought destroyed the plants and animals in the southern plains.

They were displaced by white American settlers again.

Why did the Reverend Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn send "Beecher's Bibles" to Kansas before the 1856 elections? Question 34 options: To help convert local Indians To promote self-defense of abolitionists To encourage the infusion of Christian principles in the election To encourage the use of violence in the name of abolition

To promote self-defense of abolitionists

What popular book combined accounts from former slaves as well as tales gathered by abolitionist lecturers and writers to promote the abolitionist cause? Question 27 options: The Planter's Northern Bride, by Caroline Hentz Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick Douglass Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, by Harriet Jacobs Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe

The first white women who migrated west on the overland trails in the 1830s were Question 4 options: prostitutes and camp followers. accompanying their husbands. evangelical ministers. wealthy women looking for land.

accompanying their husbands.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 had effects on attitudes toward slavery because it Question 19 options: promoted more racist views of blacks generally. generated sympathy for slaveholders. bolstered abolitionist sentiment. polarized both sides even further.

bolstered abolitionist sentiment.

In response to news of John Brown's raid, capture, and execution, Quaker abolitionists Question 41 options: asserted Brown was wrong in that he used violence. celebrated Brown for drawing attention to the cause of emancipation. expressed disappointment that Brown solicited their involvement. quickly disavowed Browns' action for fear it would undermine their movement.

celebrated Brown for drawing attention to the cause of emancipation.

Because of John Brown's raid, the Republican party platform of 1860 Question 44 options: distanced itself from the radical wing of abolition. stood for total abolition of slavery. defended Brown but still accepted slavery where it already existed. embraced southerners' rights to defend slavery in the territories.

distanced itself from the radical wing of abolition.

A growing number of northerners challenged the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on the basis of the Question 18 options: right of the police to arrest a white person for aiding a fugitive. states' rights to determine their own policies. right of slaveholders to hire slave catchers. federal government's right to enforce the law.

federal government's right to enforce the law.

In preparing their presidential ticket for the election of 1850, the Whigs hoped to Question 22 options: promote an expansionist vision that was antislavery. add abolition to their platform without alienating southerners. rally slaveholders and those indifferent to slavery alike. gain southern support while maintaining their northern base.

gain southern support while maintaining their northern base.

The Ostend Manifesto, drafted by a group of U.S. foreign ministers, suggested that the United States Question 25 options: was vulnerable to attacks by several European nations. had the right to take by force any territory it desired. planned to raid Nicaragua and Honduras simultaneously. was weakened by slavery and should abolish the institution.

had the right to take by force any territory it desired.

The introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 was the result of political maneuvering by Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, who Question 30 options: hoped to swing the balance of power in favor of the free-states by encouraging popular referendum on the issue. was appealing to constituents who were long victims of Indian violence by aiming to strip Indians of long-held territory. hoped to get support for his railroad from southerners by enabling slavery in the West. was politically indebted to the Democratic party and hoped to gain favor for his next campaign.

hoped to get support for his railroad from southerners by enabling slavery in the West.

The small trading posts that opened up throughout the West in the mid-nineteenth century Question 5 options: inspired the settlement of communities nearby. undermined western expansion and entrepreneurial spirit. generated conflict between pioneers and local Indians. led to an overuse of material resources in particular regions.

inspired the settlement of communities nearby.

As a result of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, slaveholders Question 16 options: felt the federal government finally addressed their needs. lessened the level of violence against their slaves at home. intensified their hunt for fugitive slaves. had more respect for free blacks who were not fugitives.

intensified their hunt for fugitive slaves.

Abolitionists were cautious and not jubilant when Lincoln was elected president in 1860 because Lincoln Question 47 options: was a weak figure and would not likely prevent the spread of slavery. was against slavery but didn't have a clear plan for getting rid of it. never spoke out against slavery. still supported slavery.

never spoke out against slavery.

Foreign officials pressured Congress to mediate the crisis triggered by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on the basis Question 21 options: of the sheer violence of the institution of slavery. of the bad publicity enforcement of the act generated. of the fact that no other powerful nation supported slavery. that exploitation of slave labor gave the United States an economic advantage over other countries.

of the sheer violence of the institution of slavery.

Lincoln and the Republicans rejected John Crittenden's proposal to save the nation from southern secession because it Question 49 options: protected and encouraged the expansion of slavery. undermined the will of the people expressed in the election of 1860. submitted the federal government to the whims of several wealthy slaveholders. was unconstitutional.

protected and encouraged the expansion of slavery.

The Democratic party was victorious in the 1852 presidential election, which Question 23 options: provided a powerful platform for abolitionist sentiment. still left the party weak and somewhat fragile. inspired Free-Soilers to throw their support to the Democrats. isolated the Democratic party from the others.

still left the party weak and somewhat fragile.

The Lecompton Constitution meant that Kansas Question 35 options: was declared a slave state. was declared a free state. was denied statehood. postponed the question of slavery indefinitely.

was declared a slave state.

Northern politicians and editors who condemned John Brown's raid did so because the raid Question 43 options: undermined the arguments for a peaceful, moderate restriction of slavery's reach. served to inspire free blacks and slaves to arm themselves against whites. led to the loss of too many innocent lives without justification. was so destructive and intensified the division between North and South.

was so destructive and intensified the division between North and South.