Chapter 12 Personality
How is the ego different from the other two parts of the human psyche?
deals with the reality of life. It is the part that controls the other two parts of a personality. (top of iceberg)
What is the definition of a triat?
a distinguishing characteristic
What is an archetype? What is an example?
emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people ( animus -masculine side or anima- feminiume side)
Objective norm test
a type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way
What is the defense mechanism called denial?
is when the ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities (mostly used by alcoholics)
intraversion
thinks about life as being in the inside of the person, is more quiet reserved person.
Extravert
thinks about life being the outside world, are more social people
Intuitive
An unconscious direction of perceptions; indirect via the unconscious; possibility
Feeler
By appreciation; personal; subjective
Thinker
By logical process; impersonal; objective
Sensate
Has a conscious direction of perceptions; direct via the five senses; actuality; "reads the words on the page"
Perceiver
Holding off of making a judgment in order to await new/more information; like leaving things open-ended "just in case"; look like procrastinators, though they really aren't; don't mind having a lot of "irons in the fire"
How is the superego different from the other two parts of the human psyche?
serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior, what we often call conscience.
What is the defense mechanism called projection?
the ego attributes personal short comings, problems, and faults to others (what you fell, you tell it to someone else)
What is the defense mechanism called reaction formation?
the ego transforms an unacceptable motive into its opposite (woman who fears her sexual urges becomes a religious zealot)
What does OCEAN stand for?
Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeable Neuroticism
Self-report test
Most common method of measuring personality characteristics; directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits. choose from a limited number of answers.
What are Horney's three directions?
Moving towards, moving against, and moving away
Defense mechanism
Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
What is the main difference between neurosis and psychosis?
Neurosis is the inner struggles and mental and physical disturbances Psychosis is a personality disorder marked by gross mental and emotional disturbance
Judger
The making of decisions based on available information; likes having things decide, having things completed, and having orderly environment
How is the id different from the other two parts of the human psyche?
part of the person called "it" consisting of unconscious drives; the individuals reservoir of sexual energy (bottom part of the iceberg)
Projective test
present individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to describe it or tell a story; project their own meaning onto the stimulus. Based on assumption that the ambiguity of the stimulus allows individuals to interpret it based on their feelings, desires, needs, and attitudes.
Personality
what you have become socially
self
who you were born to be/ who you truly are