Chapter 12 Pre-test

Recognizing the part-whole structural relationship between animal and ecosystem is part of the _ reasoning process

analogical

Charmaine is afraid of flying but has no fear of driving, even though her friend Dan correctly points out that planes are statistically much safer than cars. Her fear probably stems from a(n) _ bias

availability

Mental logic theories propose that our _ reasoning proceeds by applying a set of rules.

deductive

T/F: Co-occurrence is not necessary for one thing to cause another

false

T/F: There is a great deal of research that examines the final, evaluation phase of decision making

false

Mental shortcuts that we use to reduce the processing burden on our cognitive system are known as _.

heuristics

Consider the following syllogism: "All cats are mammals. All mammals are animals. All cats are animals." The statement that "all mammals are animals" is the _.

second premise

T/F: Arguments in everyday life are usually more difficult to define clearly and logically than are the example arguments in textbooks

true

T/F: Store A has a sale: 10% off new vacuum cleaners. However, the same vacuum cleaner can be purchased at Store B for a regular price that is lower than the sale price at Store A. The fact that Store A sells more vacuums than Store B likely indicates that people have a framing bias--because the vacuums are on listed as being sale, customers think they are getting a better deal

true

T/F: The phrasing of the premises is an important factor in how likely we are to correctly apply the rules of logic

true