Chapter 12 prejudice
People who feel good about themselves:
Express less prejudice.
The tendency to excuse poor ingroup behavior based on circumstances when we would blame outgroup behavior on characteristics is:
Group-serving bias.
People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?
Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about ingroup favoritism?
Ingroup favoritism is not present in young children
A person grew up in Denver and likes the local football team. At an airport, they see one person wearing their team colors and another person wearing an opposing teams colors. When they have positive feelings about the first person and negative feelings about the second, the Denver native has shown:
Ingroup favoritism.
Stereotyping usually occurs:
Outside our consciousness, making it hard to change.
A school hires a man to teach young children. Believing men to be less nurturing than women, the principal micromanages him, making it more difficult for him to do his job and eroding his patience. When he fails, the principal is wary about hiring men for future openings. This exemplifies:
Self-fulfilling prophecy
_______is a personality trait that refers to the tendency to see and to accept inequality among different groups.
Social dominance orientation
The fear that one will confirm or be reduced to a stereotype about one's group is referred to as
Stereotype threat
In the 1980s, American ethnic and racial minorities began to refer to themselves as American (such as African American, Asian American, etc.). As an attempt to reduce discrimination, this could be seen as an appeal to:
Superordinate categories.
Confirmation bias:
Tends to maintain stereotypes
Mrs. Bartholomew, a kindergarten teacher, notices that her class of 12 students has divided itself into two rival groups of 6 children each. In order to reduce hostility between the two groups of children, she tells all 12 that they are part of a team that will work together on a project to compete with other classes. Mrs. Bartholomew's method of reducing tension between the children in her class is MOST consistent with _________.
The common in-group identity model
Daryl Davis is an African American man who makes friends with members of an anti-black hate group. When they get to know him, the KKK members leave the hate group and give Daryl their ceremonial robes. Among other things, Daryl is using:
The contact hypothesis.
John is a Christian. When he thinks about other Christians, he sees them as a varied group with many different sub-types (e.g., Baptists, Presbyterians). When he thinks about Muslims, he thinks of them as being all alike and doesn't consider different types of sects. Josh's thinking is an example of
The outgroup homogeneity effect
Two groups who dislike each other have a problem neither group can solve alone. After working together on their problem, the interdependence theory suggests:
They will like each other more.
We get our stereotypes:
Through many sources, making it difficult to prevent the process.
Which of the following is true about ingroup favoritism?
We tend to make trait attributions in a way that favors ingroups over outgroups
Given the chance to say insulting things about outgroups, people tend to:
feel better
Social categorization is:
largely unconscious
You know your friends are each unique and special but view college professors as all very similar. This is an example of:
outgrip homogeneity
Authoritarian thinkers prefer:
simplicity
Going to lunch at a new school, a student notices certain kinds of people sit together. One table is occupied by nerds; another by the drama club kids; and another by motorheads. The new student is engaged in:
social categorization
Two groups of girls took a math test. Before the test, one group was told girls do well at these kinds of tests and the other group was told that girls do poorly at such tests. When the second group underperformed the first, this reveals:
stereotype threat
In a college town, there has been long-brewing tension between the residents of the town and the students at the college. One winter day, there is a massive blackout that lasts several days. Everyone in town, residents and college students alike, must work together to make sure that there is sufficient access to food and that everyone is able to stay warm. Ultimately, this situation improves relations between the residents and the students. This story shows the power of _______ to reduce intergroup hostility.
superordinate goals
According to _____________, prejudice can be reduced if members of hostile groups interact with one another.
the contact hypothesis
Which statement is most likely at a group meeting?
we are good people
Which group is most likely to show ingroup favoritism?
. Political conservatives.
In the affect, behavior, cognition model, discrimination is:
A behavior
In the affect, behavior, cognition model, a stereotype is:
A cognition
Professor Jones believes that college football players are not serious students and he expects them to do poorly in his classes. Jack is a football player in Prof. Jones' class. Prof. Jones tends not to call on Jack when he raises his hand. Prof. Jones also tends not to give much feedback on Jack's written work. As a result, Jack disengages from the class and puts less effort into his studies. This process can be described as....
A self-fulfilling prophecy
For a person of any minority group, discrimination:
Affects potentially everything from mild inconveniences to increased risk of mortality.
In the affect, behavior, cognition model, a prejudice is:
An affect
Which of the following is NOT true about social categorization?
Categorization leads to better understanding of individuals within a particular outgroup
Which of the following is NOT true about social categorization?
Categorizing people into groups uses up more cognitive resources than considering them as individuals.
Education reduces prejudice, at least partly by:
Changing social norms.
. Neir and his colleagues had Black and White interviewers approach White students who were attending a football game and ask if they were willing to help out with research by answering a questionnaire. The interviewers also wore hats representing either one of the two universities playing in the game. White students were significantly more likely to help the Black interviewers when they wore a hat of the same university as that worn by the interviewee. These results support the ______ model of reducing prejudice.
Common ingroup identity
