Chapter 12 Quiz Answers - Stereotypes, Prejudice, & Discrimination

The upside of social categorization include: a) Efficiency b) Accuracy c) Political correctness d) Precision

a) Efficiency

People who feel good about themselves: a) Express less prejudice b) Make Jack a dull boy c) Express as much prejudice as people who feel bad about themselves d) Express more prejudice

a) Express less prejudice

Given the chance to say insulting things about outgroups, people tend to: a) Feel better b) Have poorer self-esteem c) Feel worse d) Go home and think about their lives

a) Feel better

When self-serving bias causes us to forgive ingroup members based on circumstances but blame outgroup members based on attributes, we're dealing with: a) Group-serving bias, or ultimate attribution error. b) Group-serving bias but not ultimate attribution error. c) Ultimate attribution error but not group-serving bias. d) Nihilistic opportunism.

a) Group-serving bias, or ultimate attribution error.

Which group is most likely to show ingroup favoritism? a) Political liberals b) Political conservatives c) Greeting card designers d) Apolitical neoconservatives

a) Political liberals

A possible measure of comfort with social stratification is: a) Social dominance outcome b) Social stratification scale c) Social conformity scale d) Deviance outcome

a) Social dominance outcome

The fear that one will conform or be reduced to a stereotype about one's group is referred to as ______. a) Stereotype threat b) Social identity c) Implicit prejudice d) Internalized prejudice

a) Stereotype threat

According to ________, prejudice can be reduced if members of hostile groups interact with one another. a) The contact hypothesis b) The extended contact hypothesis c) The desegregation hypothesis d) The common ingroup identity model

a) The contact hypothesis

Two groups who dislike each other have a problem neither group can solve alone. After working together on their problem, the interdependence theory suggests: a) They will like each other more. b) The ingroup will make more extreme decisions. c) Ingroup homogeneity will increase d) Stereotyping will increase

a) They will like each other more

Professor Jones believes that college football players are not serious students and he expects them to do poorly in his classes. Jack is a football player in Prof. Jones' class. Prof. Jones tends not to call on Jack when he raises his hand. Prof. Jones also tends not to give much feedback on Jack's written work. As a result, Jack disengages from the class and puts less effort into his studies. This process can be described as.... a) Stereotype threat b) A self-fulfilling prophecy c) Ingroup bias d) Implicit prejudice

b) A self-fulfilling prophecy

In the affect, behavior, cognition model, and prejudice is: a) A cognition b) An affect c) A behavior d) Irrelevant

b) An affect

Education reduces prejudice, at least partly by: a) Changing perceived distances b) Changing social norms c) Disparate impact d) Getting white and black students to sit further apart

b) Changing social norms

Social categorizing: a) Is never helpful or harmful b) Is helpful in some ways and harmful in others c) Is always harmful d) Is always helpful

b) Is helpful in some ways and harmful in others

Which of the following is NOT true about social categorization? a) The tendency to categorize was probably evolutionarily advantageous. b) Categorizing people into groups helps us to save cognitive resources. c) Categorization leads to better understanding of individuals within a particular outgroup. d) Categories help us to form impressions quickly.

c) Categorization leads to better understanding of individuals within a particular outgroup.

A hospital interviewing nurses hires forty percent of female applicants and only twenty percent of the equally qualified male applicants. This represents: a) Stereotyping b) Prejudice c) Discrimination d) Sex-typed rendering

c) Discrimination

In a college town, there has been long-brewing tension between the residents of the town and the students at the college. One winter day, there is a massive blackout that lasts several days. Everyone in town, residents and college students alike, must work together to make sure that there is sufficient access to food and that everyone is able to stay warm. Ultimately, this situation improves relations between the residents and the students. This story shows the power of _______ to reduce intergroup hostility. a) Education b) Superordinate goals c) Extended contact d) Self-fulfilling prophecies

c) Extended contact

People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to are with which of the following statements? a) Inequality is a socially constructed situation that should be changed. b) Even with strong work ethic some people don't have the opportunity to advance. c) Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others. d) With limited resources we should share economic capital to maintain stability.

c) Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

Social categorization: a) Is impossible to study. b) Is always conscious and happens rarely. c) Is usually unconscious and happens all the time. d) Is always unconscious and happens rarely.

c) Is usually unconscious and happens all the time

Stereotyping usually occurs: a) Outside our consciousness, making it easy to change. b) Inside our consciousness, making it easy to change. c) Outside our consciousness, making it hard to change. d) Inside our consciousness, making it hard to change.

c) Outside our consciousness, making it hard to change.

A person can be thought of as belonging to various social groups. The process of doing this is called: a) Round typing b) Person traits c) Social categorization d) Prejudicial theory

c) Social categorization

In the 1980s, American ethnic and racial minorities began to refer to themselves as American (such as African American, Asian American, etc.). As an attempt to reduce discrimination, this could be seen as an appeal to: a) Electoral process b) Party realignment c) Superordinate categories d) Subordinate categories

c) Superordinate categories

Because it is easier to remember information that confirms what we know than information that disconfirms what we know, stereotypes: a) Can be easily educated away b) Are amenable to logic c) Tend to be persistent d) Are always conscious

c) Tend to be persistent

Which statement is most likely at a group meeting? a) The group is responsible for hitting someone. b) Our group member, Derek, is a good person. c) We are good people. d) We are bad people.

c) We are good people.

A male gets more leadership opportunities and cooperation than a similarly qualified woman, because people believe being male makes him a better leader. When he outperforms the woman, this is: a) Optimal outcome b) Factor analysis c) Implicit bias d) A self-fulfilling prophecy

d) A self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following is NOT true about social categorization? a) The tendency to categorize was probably evolutionarily advantageous. b) Categorizing individuals into groups can make us see as members as more similar to one another than they really are. c) The categories we have for people help us to form impressions quickly. d) Categorizing people into groups uses up more cognitive resources than considering them as individuals.

d) Categorizing people into groups uses up more cognitive resources than considering them as individuals.

The best way to find out about stereotypes and prejudice is: a) Explicit methods like surveys b) Factor analysis c) Archival research d) Implicit tests like the IAT that operate outside of awareness

d) Implicit tests like the IAT that operate outside of awareness

You know your friends are each unique and special but view college professors as all very similar. This is an example of: a) Ingroup heterogenerativity b) Factual stereotyping c) Displacement d) Outgroup homogeneity

d) Outgroup homogeneity

A teacher gives boys and girls a test of their ability to recognize emotions in pictures of faces. The teacher tells the boys that males usually do poorly at such tests and females tend to excel. When the males in fact do poorly, it could be due to: a) Discrimination threat b) Custom remodeling c) Stereotype threat d) Prejudice threat

d) Prejudice threat

Authoritarian thinkers prefer: a) Complexity b) Ambiguity c) Shades of gray d) Simplicity

d) Simplicity

Going to lunch at a new school, a student notices certain kinds of people sit together. One table is occupied by nerds; another by the drama club kids; and another by motorheads. The new student is engaged in: a) Social facilitation b) Stereotype threat c) Cognitive dissonance d) Social categorization

d) Social categorization