Chapter 12 Social Psychology - Practice Questions
_____ is the process by which people come to understand others. Observation Social cognition Informed consent Stereotyping
Social cognition
When men are selecting a long-term partner rather than someone for a short-term sexual encounter, does their sexual selectivity change? Yes, they become less selective. No, there is no difference. It depends on the man. Yes, they become more selective.
Yes, they become more selective.
People in a crowded room start screaming and running for the exits with a look of terror on their faces. What would informational influence state that you should do? You should run the opposite way because panicking groups are often wrong. You should run for an exit, too, but only because conformity should always guide behavior. You should also run for an exit because they probably know something about the need to exit that you don't know. You should stay put because the "mob mentality" of groups is often wrong.
You should also run for an exit because they probably know something about the need to exit that you don't know.
Based on what you know about influence and conformity, who would be MOST influential in a debate about illegal immigration? a media pundit an illegal immigrant a professor of immigration law a legal immigrant
a professor of immigration law
When you state that all cats smell bad, you are expressing a(n) _____ cats. informational influence about attitude about norm of all discrimination toward
attitude about
Norman's statement that his professor gives him a bad grade because she doesn't like him is a(n): bias. stereotype. attribution. disposition.
attribution.
Brian steps into an elevator full of people and begins to talk on his cell phone very loudly. Why might Brian receive disapproving looks or comments from others on the elevator? because he has violated a norm because of his hedonic motive because he is not an authority figure because he is discriminated against
because he has violated a norm
When Israel's roommate tells him that getting up earlier in the morning would help him get to class on time, he is expressing a(n): belief. norm. informational influence. attitude.
belief
Leticia has been telling her new boyfriend how much she loves watching football. Her boyfriend responds, "Great! I have season tickets for the local team!" Leticia will probably experience _____ since she actually lied to impress him and doesn't really like football at all. inconsistency bias normative influence confirmation bias cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance
In Asch's classic study on _____, most people reported that two lines of obviously different lengths were the same on at least one trial when all of the people in the experiment with them said they were the same. reciprocity obedience to authority conformity persuasion
conformity
Your friend asks you to feed her cat while she is out of town. You agree and then she asks if you can also water her plants, take out the recycling, and get the mail. What technique has your friend just used to achieve your cooperation? systematic persuasion cognitive dissonance normative influence foot-in-the-door
foot-in-the-doo
Perceptual confirmation is the idea that: conformity always influences behavior. observers will see what they expect to see. people are inherently social creatures with accurate perceptions. observers will bring about what they expect to perceive by directly acting on a situation.
observers will see what they expect to see
Perceptual confirmation is the idea that: conformity always influences behavior. observers will see what they expect to see. people are inherently social creatures with accurate perceptions. observers will bring about what they expect to perceive by directly acting on a situation.
observers will see what they expect to see.
Who does altruistic behavior benefit? another person and oneself oneself others but not oneself all people involved in the social situation
others but not oneself
The _____ game assesses people's willingness to mutually cooperate to solve a problem. heuristic persuasion groupthink prisoner's dilemma ultimatum
prisoner's dilemma
Ten-year-old John knows that his teachers think he is a troublemaker. Subsequently, John tries to create chaos in the classroom. What phenomenon may John be exhibiting? informational influence self-fulfilling prophecy heuristic persuasion perceptual confirmation
self-fulfilling prophecy
A person is MOST likely to marry someone who is: similar in education and religion. similar in religion but not in education. completely opposite. similar in education but not in religion.
similar in education and religion.
What are people doing when they make inferences about others based on the categories to which those others belong? persuading discriminating stereotyping engaging in observational learning
stereotyping
The hypothesis of social exchange states that you will be unlikely to end your love relationship if: you do not believe you can find a better partner. you have a very different cost-benefit ratio than your partner. the costs outweigh the benefits. you have little invested in the relationship.
you do not believe you can find a better partner.
_____ persuasion involves a change in attitudes or beliefs that is brought about by appeals to habit or emotion. Non-systematic Inferential Systematic Heuristic
Heuristic
Why do humans tend to mate in long-term, committed relationships? Human infants are born before they are fully developed in terms of brain and head size. Humans are genetically predisposed to only experience love once. Psychological feelings of love can only occur once or twice. Human infants do not need much care, leaving time for the parents to reproduce more often.
Human infants are born before they are fully developed in terms of brain and head size.
_____ refers to the process by which evolution favors individuals who cooperate with their relatives. Altruism Deindividuation Kin selection Reciprocal altruism
Kin selection
What was the conclusion drawn from Milgram's famous studies? Most people have underlying sadistic tendencies. A minority of people have underlying sadistic tendencies. Most people will obey an authority figure because of normative pressure. A minority of people will obey an authority figure because of normative pressure.
Most people will obey an authority figure because of normative pressure.
Why do people usually conform to the behavior of others? They want to appear to be smarter than everyone else. They have an instinct to conform. They are trying to be polite. They want to be accepted socially.
They want to be accepted socially.
One way to ensure you get the resources you need to survive is by being _____ and taking what you need even if it means causing physical harm to others in the process. aggressive honest social helpful
aggressive
If a teacher comes into her classroom and announces to her students that blue-eyed children would be receiving five extra points and brown-eyed children would not, she is demonstrating: discrimination. prejudice. cooperation. bias.
discrimination.
What is the BEST predictor of physical aggression? socioeconomic status gender age race
gender
What is the basis for the majority of stereotypes that people have? hearsay direct observations behavioral neuroscience genetic predispositions
hearsay
Many people were influenced to invest in a scheme that promised very large returns. The promise of such emotionally pleasurable returns suggests that the _____ motive made them susceptible to social influence. monetary approval primary hedonic
hedonic
In personal ads, one study found that a man's _____ and a woman's _____ were the MOST important factor for determining how many responses they received. job status; education education; height height; weight weight; height
height; weight
Research on gender differences in aggression has shown that: men are more likely than women to aggress physically and socially. men are less likely than women to aggress physically or socially. men are more likely than women to aggress physically but less likely to aggress socially. women are less likely than men to aggress physically and socially.
men are more likely than women to aggress physically but less likely to aggress socially.
When small inconsistencies are justified by large consistencies, cognitive dissonance: often occurs. sometimes occurs. is reduced. always occurs.
is reduced.
Our preference for the people and things that are familiar to us illustrates the _____ effect. common knowledge kinship normative mere exposure
mere exposure
From a biological perspective, women are naturally _____ than men in choosing sexual partners because the costs of reproduction are _____ for women. less selective; lower less selective; higher more selective; higher more selective; lower
more selective; higher
The _____ predicts that, when someone is kind to us, we will return their kindness. normative influence model norm of equity norm of reciprocity normal distribution model
norm of reciprocity
Maude is making a _____ when she receives a low grade on a test and, rather than admitting that she didn't study as much as she should have, says it is because the teacher didn't prepare her and also because she was having a bad day. stereotype correspondence bias situational attribution perceptual confirmation
situational attribution
The actor-observer effect states that people tend to make _____ attributions for their own behaviors and _____ attributions for identical behaviors done by others. dispositional; situational dispositional; dispositional situational; dispositional situational; situational
situational; dispositional
The idea that people behave aggressively when their goals are thwarted is known as: the frustration-aggression hypothesis. the altruistic principle. the catharsis principle. cognitive-behavioral aggression.
the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
What do people assess to evaluate the accuracy of new information? the source the emotional impact of the information their own mental states the information's consistency with established beliefs
the information's consistency with established beliefs
