Chapter 13

which of the following is true about the meaning of the word "old"

"Old" is a socially defined concept, and the way we think about aging has changed over time

what percentage of the population is 65 or older

14.1%

who wrote the book on death and dying, outlining the five stages of grief?

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Which action reflects ageism?

Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old

Define gerontology in your own words

a field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older

which of the following is an example of filial piety

a grandson inviting his grandfather to live with him, rather than move into a nursing home

define cohort in your own words

a group of people who share a statistical or demographic trait

define geriatrics in your own words

a medical specialty focusing on the elderly

define grief in your own words

a psychological, emotional, and social response to the feelings of loss that accompanies death or a similar event

Define social gerontology in your own words

a specialized field of science that seeks to understand the sociological aspects of aging

define selective optimization with compensation theory in your own words

a theory based on the idea that successful personal development throughout the life course and subsequent mastery of the challenges associated with everyday life are based on the components of selection, optimization, and compensation

define subculture of aging theory in your own words

a theory that focuses on the shared community created by the elderly when they are excluded (due to age), voluntarily or involuntarily, from participating in other groups

Define Age Stratification Theory in your own words

a theory which states that members of society face disparities and inequalities by age, just as they face disparities and inequalities by race, class, and gender

define continuity theory in your own words

a theory which states that the elderly make specific choices to maintain consistency in internal (personality structure, beliefs) and external structures (relationships), remaining active and involved throughout their elder years

define activity theory in your own words

a theory which suggests that for individuals to enjoy old age and feel satisfied, they must maintain activities and find a replacement for the statuses and associated roles they have left behind as they aged

define modernization theory in your own words

a theory which suggests that the primary cause of the elderly losing power and influence in society are the parallel forces of industrialization

define exchange theory in your own words

a theory which suggests that we experience an increased dependence as we age and must increasingly submit to the will of others, because we have fewer ways of compelling other to submit to us

define disengagement theory in your own words

a theory which suggests that withdrawing from society and social relationships is a natural part of growing old

define gerontoncracy in your own words

a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society's older members

an older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YMCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ________theory.

activity

the age discrimination in employment act is a measure to counteract the discrimination described by which theory?

age stratification

define secondary aging in your own words

aging that occurs due to controllable factors like exercise and diet

in the media in the U.S., older adults are typically depicted in which of the following ways

as grumpy or hostile

the five stages of grief as developed by Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross are denial, anger, ______________, depression and acceptance

bargaining

which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?

being frail to the point of dependency on care

define primary aging in your own words

biological factors such as molecular and cellular changes

baby boomers are expected to ___________

bring economic growth to health care industries

If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by ______.

caregivers

Veterans are two to four times more likely to ______ as people who did not serve in the military.

commit suicude

in the United States through the 1990s and early 2000s, life expectancy rates in recent decades have _______

continued to gradually rise

factors that contribute to secondary aging are _______ as opposed to those that contribute to primary aging

controllable

Geriatrics was born as a field to counter the prevalent view that aging ___________.

could not be treated

thanatology is the study of ____

death and dying

The incidence of poverty in the elderly in the United States has __________ in the twenty-first century.

decreased

Define filial piety in your own words

deference and respect to one's parents and ancestors in all things

a person who learns she had terminal cancer and thinks, "this is not really happening to me" is experiencing _______

denial

define ageism in your own words

discrimination based on age

An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______ theory.

disengagment

compared to older women, older men are more likely to _______

earn social security benefits

an elderly patient in a nursing home is mistreated by a young worker after reporting that this worker left another resident unattended. What is this elderly patient experiencing

elder abuse

Candace used to drive Al to the grocery store, and Al used to watch candace's dog while she was at work. But because Al is no longer physically able to watch candace's dog, he has stopped asking her to drive her to the grocery store, believing it would not be fair to ask her to do tasks for him without being able to repay. This best illustrates which theory

exchange theory

a population pyramid is constructed using data about the number of people with a population, distributed across _____________ and _____________ categories

gender and age

define hospice in your own words

healthcare that treats terminally ill people by providing comfort during the dying process

there is an increase in the population of elderly across the world resulting from _______

higher life expectancy

Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is ______.

increasing

what is the primary driver of modernization theory?

industrialization

in most countries, eldery women __________ than eldery men

live few years longer

which of the following is NOT a reason for why fewer older adults today live in poverty compared to the past

more women are in the paid workforce throughout their life course

which of the following is true regarding centenarians

most are women

which of the following has changed how U.S. society views aging and older adults?

multi generational households have reached a record high

in Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle

overcoming despair to achieve integrity

define centenarians in your own words

people 100 years or older

Define Supercentenarians

people 110 of age or older

define baby boomers in your own words

people in the United States born between approximately 1946 and 1964

the social support offered by medicare and the increase in social security benefits allowed more people to ______ than in the past

retire

the measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ______

sex ratio

bridget and alexa used to work at the same hospital and ate lunch with their co-workers every day. Since retiring, they still meet for lunch daily, but away from the hospital and with a group of retired men and women. These lunches were longer than lunches when they worked, due to having more leisure time. This best illustrates _________

subculture of aging theory

define elder abuse in your own words

the act of a person intentionally depriving an older person of care or harming the person in their charge

define senescence in your own words

the aging process, including biological, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual changes

to calculate the dependency ratio, you need to know ________

the employment status, age, and disability status of everyone in a population

define gerotranscendence in your own words

the idea that as people age, they evolve from their previously-held limited views of life

the "graying of the united states" refers to _____

the increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old

define dependency ration in your words

the number of nonproductive citizens (young, disabled, elderly) to productive working citizens

define life expectancy in your own words

the number of years a newborn is expected to live

define life course in your own words

the period from birth to death, including a sequence of predictable life events

define thanatology in your own words

the systematic study of death and dying

For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is ________.

the typical sequence of events in their lives

Define physician assisted suicide

the voluntary use of lethal medication provided by a physician to end one's life

research shows that the elderly prefer to die in _______

their own homes

what is the approximate median age of the united states

thirty-seven

social gerontologists now recognize the many differences among categories of "older" adults. For example, individuals who are in the early post-retirement years are known as:

young-old

a culture that values _______ above all else leads to a negative perception of growing old

youthfulness and beauty