Chapter 13 and 14 practice quiz and review questions

1. Using sketches and notes, explain the composition of wood I-Joists. What are the advantages and disadvantages of wood I-Joists compared to solid lumber?

They are sturdy and durable, which is one of its biggest advantages. However, it is not cheap, so other options might be used.

1. In visually graded lumber, what do graders typically look for in the piece of lumber?

They look for knots, slope-of-grain, or anything that can visibly affect the lumber's strength and stiffness.

1. A lumber grade stamp must include the mill identification number. a) True b) False

True

1. As OSB panel generally has greater shear strength that a plywood panel of the same size and thickness. a) True b) False

True

1. From the user's viewpoint, the difference between MC 15 and KD 15 is generally ignored. a) True b) False

True

1. Gaseous emissions produced by engineered wood products decrease over time. a) True b) False

True

1. Hardwoods are generally used for fine-quality flooring, furniture and wall paneling. a) True b) False

True

1. In calculating the board foot measure, we must use the actual dimensions of lumber, not tis nominal dimensions. a) True b) False

True

1. Spruce is a softwood species. a) True b) False

True

1. The most commonly used plywood panel (nominal) size is 4 ft. x 8 ft. a) True b) False

True

1. Unbalanced beams can be used only as single-span beams. a) True b) False

True

1. The terms sapwood and heartwood refer to a) Two different wood species b) Two different subspecies of wood c) Two different types of wood cells d) Two different parts of a growth ring e) Two different parts of the same tree

Two different parts of the same tree

1. Using sketches and notes, explain the difference between a balanced and an unbalanced glulam beam and the situations in which they are specified.

Unbalanced - can only be used at the top of a beam Balanced - more versatile than unbalanced and can easily be used anywhere.

1. Which of the following grades can only be used as blocking? a) No.1 b) No.2 c) Construction d) Utility e) Standard

Utility

1. In a 2 X ^ stud, the wood grain is parallel to the a) Vertical direction b) 2-in. dimension c) 6-in. dimension

Vertical direction

1. In the United States, most structural lumber is grown in the a) Northern region of the United States b) Western and southern regions of the United States c) Eastern and northern regions of the United States d) Central region of the United States e) None of the above, because most structural lumber is imported from Mexico

Western and southern regions of the United States

1. Plywood panels are made by gluing under heat and pressure layers of a) Wood veneers so that the wood grain in all layers is in the same direction b) Wood veneers so that the wood grains in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other c) Shredded wood strands so that the strands in all layers are in the same direction d) Shredded wood strands so that the strands in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other

Wood veneers so that the wood grains in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other

1. Balanced glulam beams are mandated for a) Continuous beams b) Single-span beams c) Beams with an overhang d) (a) and (c) e) (b) and (c)

(a) and (c)

1. Characteristics of a truss include a) Greater spanning capability than a sawn lumber beam having the same amount of material b) Individual members joined together to form an array of interconnected rectangular frames c) Individual members joined together to form an array of interconnected rectangular frames d) (a) and (b) e) (a) and (c)

(a) and (c)

1. Using a sketch and notes, explain the following terms related to a wood roof truss:

(a)top chord - on top of the bottom chord at an angle (b)bottom chord - connected to top chord and web membrane (c) web membrane - keeps the top and bottom chords structurally sound (d)panel point - point between the web membrane and the top chord (e) nail point - point between the top and bottom chord where a nail(s) should be

1. With the help of sketches, explain how machine-rated lumber is graded. What information does the grade of machine rated lumber provide?

-Graded via scanner -provides wood type, quality and if it was dried

1. What information is typically provided on the grade stamp of visually graded lumber? Explain with the help of an example of a typical grade stamp.

-Wood type -Quality -Miller -Dried or not

1. Unprotected glulam members with a large cross section are considered to provide a fire resistance rating of up to a) ½ h b) 1 h c) 2 h d) 3 h e) 4 h

1 h

1. The weight of a piece of lumber is 2 lb. the weight of the same piece after it is fully dried is 1.8 lb. what was the original moisture content in the wood. a) 7% b) 9% c) 11% d) 15% e) None of the above

11%

1. A retailer of building materials purchased 1,000 pieces of 2 x 12 lumber, each 10 ft long. How many board feet did the retailer purchase? a) 1,000 bd ft b) 10 MBF c) 20,000 bd ft d) 100,000 bd ft e) None of the above

20,000 bd ft

1. Wood trusses are generally spaced at a) 12 in. on center b) 24 in. on center c) 48 in. on center d) 60 in. on center

24 in. on center

1. The approximate density of lumber is a) 35 pcf b) 35 psf c) 55 pcf d) 55 psf e) 75 pcf

35 pcf

1. The actual dimensions of 4 x 8 lumber are a) 3½ in. x 7½ in. b) 3¼ in. x 7½ in. c) 3¼ in. x 7¼ in. d) 3½ in. x 7¼ in. e) None of the above

3½ in. x 7¼ in.

1. Which of the following lumber cross sections is that of a dimension lumber? a) 4 x 8 b) 6 x 8 c) 1 x 8 d) 1 x 12 e) 6 x 12

4 x 8

1. The nails most commonly used in wood frame construction are a) 4d, 6d, 9d, and 12d b) 6d, 12d, 18d, and 24d c) 6d, 10d, 16d, and 20d d) 6d, 8d, 10d, and 16d e) 6d, 8d, 10d, and 12d

6d, 8d, 10d, and 16d

1. With respect to veneer quality, softwood plywood is graded in grades a) A to C b) B to D c) A to D d) A to E e) B to F

A to D

1. A piece of lumber has been specified as 2 in. x 4 in. in cross section. This refers to its a) Actual cross-sectional dimensions b) Nominal cross-sectional dimensions

Actual cross-sectional dimensions

1. Preservative-treated lumber is effective a) Only against termite attack b) Only against fungal attack c) Against both fungi and termites

Against both fungi and termites

1. Cross-graining makes plywood panel a) Dimensionally more stable b) Less likely to split that solid sawn lumber c) Stronger in the direction of face veneer grains d) All of the above e) (a) and (c)

All of the above

1. Grade stamps on engineered wood panels specify a) Intended use and exposure b) Allowable spans c) Mill number d) Thickness e) All of the above

All of the above

1. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is a) Produced by gluing together wood veneers that are approximately 1/8 in. thick. b) Generally used as floor joists and beams. c) Glued with all veneers running in the same direction. d) Stronger along the grain and weaker across grain. e) All of the above

All of the above

1. A 10 ft long stud was installed in position when the wood's moisture content was 19%. During a long dry spell, the wood's moisture content became 8%. The new stud length will be a) Approximately 9 ft 10 in. b) Approximately 9 ft 10½ in. c) Approximately 9 ft 11 in. d) Approximately the same as the initial stud length of 10 ft. e) None of the above

Approximately the same as the initial stud length of 10 ft.

1. The difference between softwoods and hardwoods is based on a) Strength of wood b) Density of wood c) Abrasion resistance of wood d) Botanica characteristics e) Decay resistance of wood

Botanica characteristics

1. Redwood is grown mainly in a) Texas b) Florida c) Oklahoma d) Arizona e) California

California

1. Which of the following species of wood is naturally decay resistant? a) Pine b) Fir c) Spruce d) Cedar e) Hemlock

Cedar

1. The wall of wood cells consists primarily of a) Calcium b) Glucose c) Cellulose d) Copper e) Lignin

Cellulose

1. Which type of nail is commonly used for connections between framing members in wood light-framing structures?

Common Nail, 16P, are used for connecting framing members in wood light-framing structures.

1. Which of the following grades will not apply to a 2 x 8 lumber? a) No.1 b) No.2 c) No.3 d) Construction

Construction

1. The basis for distinguishing the lumber as board, dimension lumber, and timber is the a) Species of lumber b) Strength of lumber c) Cross-sectional dimensions of lumber d) Length of lumber e) Durability of lumber

Cross-sectional dimensions of lumber

1. Compared to sawn lumber joists, wood I-joists are a) Less expensive b) Slightly heavier c) Dimensionally more stable d) All of the above

Dimensionally more stable

1. The moisture content in a piece of lumber has been measured to be 15%. According to the wood industry, this piece of lumber will be classified as a) Dry b) Green c) Wet d) Moist e) Arid

Dry

1. Using sketches and notes, explain why wood is stronger along the grain than across the grain.

Due to the lignin bond between the cellulose fibers, wood is stronger along the grain rather than across the grain.

1. Which of the following nailed connections is the strongest? a) Face nailing b) Toe nailing c) End nailing

Face nailing

1. A lumber grade stamp must include information of the cross-sectional dimensions of lumber. a) True b) False

False

1. Exterior siding panels may be made of OSB or plywood. a) True b) False

False

1. Flat-sawn lumber is dimensionally more stable than quarter-sawn lumber. a) True b) False

False

1. Nail plates, used to join members of a truss, are generally used only on one face of the truss. a) True b) False

False

1. Nail popping is primarily a problem in floor sheathing and is caused by the shrinkage of floor sheathing. a) True b) False

False

1. Wood I-joists are made of LVL or solid sawn lumber flanges and webs. a) True b) False

False

1. Using sketches and notes, explain how to distinguish between framing lumber and finish lumber in cross sectional drawings.

Finish lumber has wavy fills resembling wood grain. Framing lumber is marked with an X, the ends of it being at each corner of the piece. It can also have a diagonal line, which is to say for blocking.

1. Structural lumber is typically a) Flat-sawn b) Quarter-sawn c) Either (a) or (b), depending on the type of structural member

Flat-sawn

1. The adhesives used in in making engineered wood products contain a) Urethane b) Styrene c) Formaldehyde d) Lignin e) None of the above

Formaldehyde

1. Lumber used for structural framing of buildings in North America is generally derived a) From softwood species b) From hardwood species c) From both softwoods and hardwoods, depending on the price of lumber d) From both softwoods and hardwoods, depending on the time of the year.

From softwood species

1. A termite shield is generally made of a) Asphalt-treated felt b) Galvanized sheet steel c) Lead sheet d) Kraft paper

Galvanized sheet steel

1. Fungal decay in wood occurs when the moisture content in wood is a) Greater than or equal to 15% b) Greater than or equal to 20% c) Greater than or equal to 25% d) Between 15% and 25% e) None of the above

Greater than or equal to 20%

1. If we cut a cross section through a tree trunk, we will see a number of rings. The most appropriate term for these rings is a) Annual rings b) Growth rings c) Concentric rings d) Eccentric rings e) All of the above

Growth rings

1. Describe the essential differences between softwood and hardwood trees. Give at least 3 commonly used species of each.

Hardwoods are denser than softwood, which is a determent in strength Softwoods - Pine, redwood, Cedar Hardwoods - Oak, maple, cherry

1. What is the difference between heartwood and sapwood?

Heartwood - nearest to the pith, and darker in color. Sapwood - youngest part of tree, are where growth of tree happens.

1. The cellular structure of wood consists mainly of a) Hollow, small, approximately spherical cells b) Solid, small, approximately spherical cells c) Hollow, small, approximately ellipsoidal cells d) Hollow, long tubular cells e) Either (c) and (d)

Hollow, long tubular cells

1. Explain how fungal decay of lumber can be prevented.

If you ensure that the wood moisture remains at 19% or less, and keep the crawl spaces and attic spaces ventilated, then the wood will be relatively dry.

1. Wood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is available a) Only in the United States b) In the United States and Canada c) In the United States, Canada, and Mexico d) In (c) and several other countries.

In (c) and several other countries.

1. A glulam member a) Must be made using long, continuous lengths of high-grade sawn lumber b) Is generally stronger and stiffer than sawn lumber of the same dimensions c) Require complete protection from exterior elements due to its water-soluble adhesive d) None of the above e) All of the above

Is generally stronger and stiffer than sawn lumber of the same dimensions

1. The most common use of glulam is in a) Structural panels b) Long-span beams c) Short-span beams d) None of the above

Long-span beams

1. Which of the following two terms are used synonymously? a) Lumber and wood b) Lumber and laminated veneer lumber c) Lumber and solid sawn lumber d) All of the above

Lumber and solid sawn lumber

1. What does the term SPF mean? What is the main difference between SPFS and SPF?

Means that the wood is from a spruce/pine/fir woodland in the northeastern part of the U.S.

1. With the help of a sketch, explain what a termite shield is and where in a building it is typically provided.

Metal plate that stops termites from destroying the wood. Normally installed at the foundation of a building.

1. Several different types of nails are used in wood frame construction. They are typically distinguished from each other by the a) Nail head and nail shank b) Nail head and nail tip c) Nail tip and nail shank d) Nail head and type of threads e) None of the above

Nail head and nail shank

1. Which of the following is not a lumber grade? a) No.1 b) No.2 c) No.3 d) No.4 e) Construction

No.4

1. The actual dimensions of 2 x 12 lumber are a) 1½ in. x 11 in. b) 1½ in. x 11½ in. c) 1½ in. x 11¾ in. d) 1¾ in. x 11¾ in. e) None of the above

None of the above

1. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of OSB and plywood panels.

OSB is cheaper and is higher in strength. On top of that it can be painted and stained, and typically has low grade.

1. Which of the following species of wood is not a softwood? a) Pine b) Fir c) Cedar d) Oak e) Redwood

Oak

1. Lumber used for structural framing members, such as studs, floor joists, and rafters, in graded using a) Only visual inspection b) Only machine grading c) Both visual and machine grading must be used to arrive at lumber's grade.

Only visual inspection

1. Plywood panels should be placed with their longer dimension a) Parallel to rafters or joists b) Perpendicular to rafters or joists c) Diagonal to rafters or joists d) Either (a) or (b) e) Either (a) and (c)

Perpendicular to rafters or joists

1. Which of the following terms means the same as quarter-sawn? a) Tangentially sawn b) Radially sawn

Radially sawn

1. Which of the following species of wood is not a hardwood? a) Teak b) Balsa wood c) Rosewood d) Oak e) Redwood

Redwood

1. Using a sketch explains the difference between a roof truss and a floor truss. In which situations will you consider the use of wood floor trusses?

Roof truss are cheaper and sloped Floor truss are flat, expensive, but can be adequate when installing electrical, plumbing, and AC wiring.

1. Nails work best when they are subjected to a) Shear b) Tension

Shear

1. Wood is a) Stronger along the grain than across the grain b) Stronger across the grain than along the grain c) Equally strong in both directions of the grain

Stronger along the grain than across the grain

1. The term S2S implies that the lumber has been a) Sawed twice b) Sawed from two sides c) Surfaced on two sides d) None of the above

Surfaced on two sides

1. The term S-DRY implies that the lumber has been a) Stored in a dry climate b) Sawed when its moisture content was ≤ 25% c) Surfaced when its moisture content was ≤ 25% d) Sawed when its moisture level was ≤ 19% Surfaced when its moisture level was ≤ 19%

Surfaced when its moisture level was ≤ 19%

1. Joist hangers are steel connectors a) That connect floor joists with a supporting beam b) That connect floor joists with the supporting wall c) That connect floor joists with floor sheathing d) All of the above

That connect floor joists with a supporting beam

1. With the help of a 3D sketch, explain the connection of a floor joists with a supporting beam using a joist hanger.

The joist is a U-shaped hanger that lets a beam lay inside the U, and the siders of the U nail to the beam that need to be connected to. Once they are screwed together they are connected and will have a strong grip on both beams.