Chapter 13: CNS

Cortex of cerebellum.. (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

Gray

cranial nerve nuclei (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

gray

brain area that has folia and coordinates movements a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

cerebellum

Corpus callosum is to commissural as ____________ is to projection tracts.

internal capsule

Which thalamic nuclei relay visual information from the optic tract to the visual cortex and mesencephalon?

lateral geniculate nuclei

brain region that contains the cerebral aqueduct a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

midbrain

Which cerebral cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities?

premotor cortex

What type of sensory information does the flocculonodular love receive?

receives sensory information from the vestibular nuclei about equilibrium

A familiar type of monosynaptic reflex that monitors and regulates the length of skeletal muscle is the

stretch reflex

Pyramids (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

white

cerebellar peduncle (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

white

internal capsule and corona radiata (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

white

The central white matter consists of which three groups of axons?

association, commissural, and projection tracts

The lateral horns found in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord contain A) somatic and visceral sensory nuclei B) axons crossing from side to side C) cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons D) cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

define contralateral projection

contralateral (opposite side) projection refers to the crossing over of nerve fibers right side of the body, the right of the body is controlled by the left side of brain

The tapered inferior end of the spinal cord is called the

conus medullaris.

thick tract between the two cerebral hemispheres a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

corpus callosum

The tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the

fourth ventricle

Reflexive turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the ____________ of the mesencephalon.

inferior colliculi

destruction of the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord results in loss of

motor control

Which spinal cord components contain cell bodies of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons? A) posterior horns B) lateral horns C) anterior horns D) all of the above

posterior horns

Which structure provides motor innervation to the deep back muscles and receives sensory information from the skin of the back? A) anterior ramus B) anterior root C) posterior ramus D) posterior root

posterior ramus

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are housed in each A) posterior root B) posterior root ganglion C) anterior root D) anterior gray horn

posterior root ganglion

The primary motor cortex is located in which cerebral structure?

precentral gyrus

Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?

primary somatosensory cortex

Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature? primary somatosensory cortex somatosensory association area premotor cortex primary gustatory cortex

primary somatosensory cortex

name the white fiber tracts that connect the cerebral cortes to more caudal regions of CNS

projection fibers

involved in visual and auditory reflects; found in midbrain a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

superior and inferior colliculi

The visceral reflex center is housed within the A) cerebellum. B) superior colliculus. C) hypothalamus. D) pons.

superior colliculus.

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and provides sensory information from the face, mouth, and anterior scalp? A) trigeminal B) facial C) vagus D) hypoglossal

trigeminal

Which cranial nerve plays the largest role in the autonomic control of visceral functions? A) vestibulocochlear B) accessory C) trochlear D) vagus

vagus

The ____________ nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as hearing. A) vestibulocochlear B) accessory C) trochlear D) vagus

vestibulocochlear

The word root vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means

wandering

medial lemniscus (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

white

The anterior funiculi are interconnected by the

white commissure

The outer region of the spinal cord, composed primarily of myelinated axons, is called the

white matter

What part of the diencephalon functions as the main visceral control center? What is meant by the phrase visceral control?

-hypothalamus main visceral control center -visceral control is regulation of activities of the visceral organs, including autonomic motor activity and endocrine functions

10. Name the 2 nuclei that make up the corpora quadrigemina, and state function.

1. SUPERIOR COLLICULUS Function-VISUAL REFLEXS & TRACKING 2.INFERIOR COLLICULUS Function-SOUND LOCALIZATION

Which statement does not describe the parietal lobe? A) is involved with general sensory functions B) contains the functionally important precentral gyrus C) is bounded posteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus D) forms the superoposterior part of each cerebral hemisphere

B) contains the functionally important precentral gyrus

Which structures would not be found in the anterior horns of the spinal cord? A) motor nuclei B) cell bodies of somatic motor neurons C) cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons D) glial cells

C) cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Which term describes the specific region of skin monitored by a single spinal nerve? A) ramus communicans B) posterior ramus C) dermatome D) anterior ramus

C) dermatome

Axons cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other through a gray matter region called the A) lateral horn. B) posterior horn. C) gray commissure. D) white commissure.

C) gray commissure.

If its receptor and effector are on the same side of the body, a reflex arc is termed ____________; if on opposite sides, it is ____________. A) hypoactive; hyperactive B) monosynaptic; polysynaptic C) ipsilateral; contralateral D) parallel; commissural

C) ipsilateral; contralateral

The white matter of the spinal cord is composed primarily of A) unmyelinated axons. B) neurolemmocytes and satellite cells. C) myelinated axons. D) cell bodies of neurons.

C) myelinated axons.

Nerves from the brachial plexuses innervate the A) head and neck B) neck and upper arms C) pectoral girdles and upper limbs D) thorax and pectoral girdles

C) pectoral girdles and upper limbs

Of the following, which nerve ranges farthest from its roots in the cervical plexus and is most vital to your health? A) supraclavicular B) ansa cervicalis C) phrenic D) lesser occipital

C) phrenic

1. Name the 4 major division of the brain.

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, DIENCEPHALON, BRAIN STEM, CREBELLUM

6. What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

COGNITION, ABSTRACT IDEAS, REASONING, JUDGEMENT, IMPULSE CONTROL, SOCIAL SKILLS, PROBLEM CONTROL, HUMOR APPRECIATION, EMPATHY

Which of the following statements is false about the choroid plexus? A) It is located within the ventricles of the brain. B) It is composed of ependymal cells and capillaries. C) It forms the blood-brain barrier. D) It produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid.

It forms the blood-brain barrier.

2. List the spaces cerebral spinal fluid would flow starting with the lateral ventricles.

LATERAL VENTRICLES, INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN, THIRD VENTRICLE, CEREBRAL AQUIDUCT, FORTH VENTRICLE, LATERAL & MEDIAN APERATURES

From the subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous sinuses through the

arachnoid villi

The anterior root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of motor neurons only.

What is the corpora quadrigemina?

-4 barnacle located at the roof of the midbrain involved with auditory (inferior colliculi) and visual (superior colliculi) reflexes

Which adjective best describes reflex responses? A) variable B) automatic C) deliberate D) voluntary

B) automatic

Which description of the cerebellum is incorrect? A) has a complex, convoluted surface covered by cerebellar cortex B) a narrow band of cortex called the vermis lies along the midline C) has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres D) internally, white matter called the arbor vitae forms branching patterns

C) has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres

The four principal nerve plexuses are the A) cranial, cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral B) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral C) cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral D) brachial, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle? arachnoid granulation choroid plexus diaphragma sellae arachnoid villus

choroid plexus

Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle? A) choroid plexus B) arachnoid villus C) arachnoid granulation D) diaphragma sellae

choroid plexus

The tough, protective ____________ extends between adjacent vertebrae to fuse with the connective tissue surrounding the spinal nerves. A) periosteal layer B) dura mater C) arachnoid D) pia mater

dura mater

Although extending from the end of the spinal cord, the ____________ contains no neural fibers, only fibrous connective tissue. A) cervical enlargement B) conus medullaris C) filum terminale D) cauda equina

filum terminale

Within the cauda equina is a thin strand of pia mater called the A) denticulate ligament B) posterior rootlet C) filum terminale D) conus medullaris

filum terminale

The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11 A) form the cervical plexus B) are called intercostal nerves C) all contribute to the brachial plexus D) contain only sensory axons

form the cervical plexus

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the ____________, which also controls the activities of the anterior pituitary as well as numerous autonomic functions, emotions, drives, and natural rhythms.

hypothalamus

Which region of the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature, circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives?

hypothalamus

Cranial nerves with purely sensory functions include which of the following? A) olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear B) trigeminal and facial C) glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal D) all of the above

olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear

Which cerebral lobe is located immediately posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?

parietal lobe

If a reflex arc involves a single interneuron, it is classified as A) ipsilateral B) contralateral C) polysynaptic D) monosynaptic

polysynaptic

all inputs to cerebral cortex must first synapse in one of its nuclei a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

thalamus

The roots of the brachial plexus are actually A) the posterior roots of spinal nerves B) the anterior roots of spinal nerves C) the posterior rami of spinal nerves D) the anterior rami of spinal nerves

the anterior rami of spinal nerves

The subarachnoid space contains ________, and the epidural space contains ________. A) CSF; fat, connective tissue, and blood vessels B) fat, connective tissue, and blood vessels; blood C) CSF; pia mater D) fat, connective tissue, and blood vessels; CSF

A) CSF; fat, connective tissue, and blood vessels

The posterior and anterior roots of the ____________ must elongate because the spinal cord stops growing before the vertebral column does. A) cauda equina B) thoracic spinal nerves C) denticulate ligaments D) all of the above

A) cauda equina

Within each intervertebral foramen, an anterior root and its corresponding posterior root unite to form a A) spinal nerve B) cranial nerve C) motor nerve D) sensory nerve

A) spinal nerve

8. What is function of the thalamus?

ACTS AS A RELAY STATION FOR THE SENSORY INFORMATION ASCENDING TO THE PRIMARY SENSORY AREAS OF THE CORTEX

Cerebrospinal fluid performs which of the following functions? A) provides buoyancy for the brain B) cushions neural structures from sudden movements C) delivers nutrients and chemical messengers and removes waste products D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following is not generally involved in a reflex? A) conduction of a nerve impulse to the CNS by a sensory neuron B) information processing by interneurons in an integration center C) transmission of a nerve impulse to a peripheral effector organ D) inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron

D) inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron

11. Name the 3 layers of the meninges from superficial to deep.

DURA MATER, ARACHNOID, PIA MATER

3. Name the 4 major lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.

FRONTAL, PARIETAL, TEMPORAL, OCCIPITAL

5. Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

POSTCENTRAL GYRUS

4. Where is the primary somatic motor cortex located?

PRECENTRAL GYRUS

9. What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

THE MAIN VISCERAL CONTROL CENTER OF THE BODY

Name the three white fibers tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem. Which tract connects to which portion of the brain stem?

The superior cerebellar peduncles connect the midbrain in the cerebellum; -the middle cerebellar peduncles extend from the medulla to the cerebellum

Name the structure that connects the third ventricle to the fourth, in what part of the brain stem is this structure located?

The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct, located in the midbrain

Which of the following areas is most likely to store visual memories? a) Visual association area b) Wernicke's area c) Premotor cortex d) Primary somatosensory cortex

Visual association area

In regions where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called

a dural venous sinus

Of the three general functions of the brain stem described, which does each of the following structures perform a)pyramids, b) vestibular and cochlear nuclei, c) cerebral peduncles, d) periaqueductal gray matter e) trigeminal nuclei

a) pyramids -of the medulla are white fiber tracts connecting the cerebrum with the spinal cord b) vestibular -cochlear nuclei are involved w innervation of the head -receive sensory impulses from cranial nerves that innervate inner ear c) cerebral peduncles -white fiber tracts in the midbrain connecting cerebrum w brain stem d) periaqueductal gray matter -involved w autonomic behaviors associated with the fight-or-flight response and mediates the response to visceral pain -2 cranial nerve nuclei located here e) trigeminal nuclei -sensory innervation of face and motor innervation of the chewing muscles

The first step involved in a typical neural reflex is A) activation of a receptor by a stimulus B) activation of a motor neuron C) response of a peripheral effector D) information processing

activation of a receptor by a stimulus

Components of the limbic system A) conduct and process olfactory sensations B) collectively process and experience emotions C) are essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory D) all of the above

all of the above

Which branches of spinal nerves innervate the limbs and the anterolateral portions of the trunk? A) rami communicantes B) anterior rami C) posterior rami D) all of the above

anterior rami

Which structure contains motor axons only?

anterior root

Identify the meningeal layer immediately deep to the subdural space. A) pia mater B) arachnoid C) epidural space D) dura mater

arachnoid

Basal ganglia involved in motor activities; related to Huntington's disease a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

c) corpus striatum

What is the collective name for all of the axons that project inferiorly from the spinal cord? A) conus medullaris B) cauda equina C) sacral nerves D) coccygeal nerves

cauda equina

Coordinating skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several important functions of the

cerebellum

The subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is the A) medulla oblongata. B) cerebrum. C) cerebellum. D) diencephalon.

cerebellum

Which term describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere?

cerebral nuclei

The substance that fills the subarachnoid space is

cerebrospinal fluid

The four major regions of the brain are the

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum

Branches of which plexuses innervate anterior neck muscles, the skin of the neck, and parts of the head and shoulders? A) cervical B) brachial C) lumbosacral D) all of the above

cervical

The blood-brain barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following locations?

choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Myelinated axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called

commissural tracts

The spinal cord meninges, in order from the outermost to the innermost, are the

dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Which sequence lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep?

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

control of temperature, autonomic nervous system, hunger, and water balance a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

e) hypothalamus

Region where there is a crossover of fibers of pyramidal tracts a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f) medulla g) midbrain h) pons i) thalamus

f) medulla

a patient suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that damaged the post central gyrus in her right cerebral hemisphere. As a result she..

feels NO sensation on the LEFT side of her body

White matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into ____________, each containing both ascending and descending ____________. A) columns; nerves B) fasciculi; funiculi C) funiculi; tracts D) fasciculi; tracts

funiculi; tracts

In the spinal cord, a ____________ is to a tract as a horn is to a nucleus. A) fasciculus B) funiculus C) commissure D) nerve

funiculus

red nucleus (G) Gray matter or (W) White matter?

gray

part of diencephalon with vital centers controlling heart rate, some aspects of emotion, and blood pressure a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

hypothalamus

Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? A) controls endocrine system B) regulates sleep-wake cycle C) controls autonomic nervous system D) initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movement

initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movement

Because of its major roles in controlling emotions, drives, and memory, damage to the ____________ could drastically alter an individual's personality.

limbic system

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

Which body regions are innervated by the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord? A) head and neck B) upper limbs C) abdomen and pelvis D) lower limbs

lower limbs

houses the substantia nigra and red nucleus a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

midbrain

Which structure contains some autonomic centers involved in regulating respiration?

pons

associated with fourth ventricle and contains nuclei of cranial nerves V-VII a) cerebellum b) superior and inferior colliculi c) corpus striatum d) corpus callosum e) hypothalamus f)medulla g)midbrain h)pons i)thalamus

pons

Which two parts of the brain most directly control normal breathing?

pons and medulla oblongata