chapter 13 information systems

interfacing

accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, generating the necessary output

intelligent agents

are software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes; they are becoming more popular, especially in e-commerce.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. AI technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities

examples of NLP

dragon speech recognition software nuance communications, social media listening: sentiment analysis, AT&T natural voice voices wizzard speech, Apple Siri

shopping and information agents

helps users navigate through the vast resources available on the web and provide better results in finding information. These agents can navigate the web much faster than humans and gather more consistent, detailed information. They can serve as search engines, site reminders, or personal surfing assistants

categories of NLP

interface to databases, machine translation (google translation), text scanning and intelligent indexing programs for summarizing large amounts of text, generating text for automated production of standard documents, speech systems for voice interaction with computers

two types of activities by NLP

interfacing and knowledge acquisition

QR (quick response) code

is a matrix bar code consisting of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background and have a higher storage capacity than traditional bar codes

AI

is beyond calculation, generates and displays knowledge and facts, machine learning

robotics

one of the most successful applications of AI. They perform well at simple, repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs

personal agents

perform specific tasks for a user, such as remembering information for filling out web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed

knowledge acquisition

using the computer to read large amounts of text and understand the information well enough to summarize important points and store information so the system can respond to inquiries about the content

monitoring and surveillance agents

usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur

natural-language processing (NLP)

was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language

AI supports decision-making analyses

what-is analysis, what if analysis, why, what does it mean, what should be done, when should it be done

data-mining agents

work with a date warehouse, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data items that were not readily apparent

Alan Turing (1912-1954)

Father of artificial intelligence

sentiment analysis

When companies want to understand what people say about their products in social media

Turing test

a test of machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence