Chapter 13
Both the doctor and the reading he provided say that Mario needs to watch for signs of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose (sugar) drops below what level? a. 126 mg/dL b. 5 mg/dL c. 56 mg/dL d. 70 mg/dL e. 99 mg/dL
70 mg/dl
Mario finds it hard to listen to anything else Dr. Anton has to say. His mother passed away four years ago from complications of unmanaged type 2 diabetes. Identify whether the consequences of unmanaged type 2 diabetes listed below are short-term or long-term consequences. Extreme Hunger and Thirst Frequent urination Blurred Vision Weight Loss Delayed Wound Healing Increase risk of infection All are short term All are long term
All are short term
Broccoli is an example of a simple/complex carbohydrate that will increase blood sugars slowly/quickly because it is comprised of polysaccharides/monosaccharide
Complex Slowly Polysaccharide
The diabetes epidemic is fueled by increasing cases of type 1 diabetes. a. True b. False
FAlse
Mario finds some relief in the fact that he can work hard and reverse his type 2 diabetes, or at least manage it very well. He wants to be an example for his two young daughters, especially since this is something that runs on both sides of their family. True or False: Type 1 diabetes is also reversible through diet and lifestyle management and doesn't require a lifetime commitment to daily monitoring and care. a. True b. False
False
True or False: Mario is going to have to avoid all foods that have a high glycemic index and high glycemic load, without exception. a. True b. False
False
True or False: Type 2 diabetes occurs at the same rate in normal, overweight, and obese individuals. Weight has no correlation to diabetes so Mario has no need to be concerned about his weight. a. True b. False
False
Type 1 diabetes may be fully controlled by careful dieting. a. True b. False
False
Women who experience gestational diabetes are certain to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. a. True b. False
False
Pancreatic ALPHA cells secrete Glucagon or Insulin
Glucagon
Coke is an example of a simple/complex carbohydrate that will increase blood sugars slowly/quickly because it is comprised of polysaccharides/monosaccharide
Simple Quickly Monosaccharide
Pancreatic BETA cells secrete Glucagon or Insulin
Insulin
Carbohydrates are important macronutrients found in the diet. Carbohydrate molecules come in many sizes and form different structures. The table lists three different carbohydrates- Sucrose, Starch, Fructose Select whether each carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide.
Sucrose: Disaccharide Starch: Polysacharide Fructose: Monosaccharide
Dietary fiber is also an important consideration when discussing the impact of carbohydrate sources on blood sugar levels. In this example, soda is a poor source/good source of fiber and broccoli is a poor source/ good source of fiber.
Poor source Good source
2. Which food item has a smaller effect on blood glucose levels than the others and, hence, the lowest glycemic index? a. pretzels b. instant oatmeal c. potatoes d. chickpeas e. sports beverage
d. chickpeas
Diabetes can be diagnosed when fasting blood glucose levels are ________. a. less than 100 mg/dL b. 100-125 mg/dL c. less than 50 mg/dL d. less than 140 mg/dL e. 126 mg/dL or more
e. 126 mg/dL or more
Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately what percentage of all cases? a. 90-95% b. 80-90% c. 50-60% d. 10-20% e. 5-10%
e. 5-10%
What can severe cases of hypoglycemia lead to? a. confusion b. kidney failure c. type 2 diabetes d. blindness e. death
e. death
What is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for the diagnosis of diabetes? a. metabolic syndrome b. hypoglycemia c. hyperglycemia d. glycemic load e. prediabetes
e. prediabetes
What is hypoglycemia? a. abnormally high blood glucose levels b. abnormally low blood glucose levels c. elevated insulin levels d. decreased insulin levels e. decreased glucagon levels
b. abnormally low blood glucose levels
What is gestational diabetes? a. diabetes due to insulin deficiency b. diabetes first discovered during pregnancy. c. an autoimmune disorder d. when a baby is born with diabetes e. hypoglycemia
b. diabetes first discovered during pregnancy.
Mario decides that there is no time like the present to begin managing his diabetes. The doctor explains that if Mario commits himself to actively tackling his diabetes with a healthy lifestyle, he may be able to reverse it. The key is that he will have to maintain a healthy lifestyle for the rest of his life.Which of the following is NOT a key component of the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes? a. healthy dietary pattern b. increased consumption of coffee c. regular physical activity d. adequate vitamin D e. weight loss if overweight
b. increased consumption of coffee
Adequacy of which nutrient is considered especially important for prevention and management of metabolic system? a. vitamin C b. vitamin D c. iron d. magnesium e. calcium
b. vitamin D
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by too much glucose buildup in the blood. In TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 diabetes, which is associated with obesity, this is because the target cells of the body's tissues fail to respond to insulin. In later stages of this type of diabetes, the pancreas begins to fail and eventually stops secreting the hormone INSULIN OR GLUCAGON, which is required to decrease blood glucose levels. In TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 diabetes, which is not associated with obesity, this is because there are a decreased number of ALPHA OR BETA cells available to secrete insulin; this results in an insufficient amount of insulin to meet the demands of the body.
TYPE 2 INSULIN TYPE 1 BETA
Metabolic syndrome contributes to both type 2 diabetes and heart disease. a. True b. False
True
Type 2 diabetics should eat predominantly low glycemic index foods. a. True b. False
True
Which is a disease characterized by abnormal utilization of carbohydrates by the body and elevated blood glucose levels? a. hypoglycemia b. plague c. diabetes d. chronic inflammation e. hypertension
c. diabetes
What is the number one cause of death among people with diabetes? a. kidney failure b. old age c. heart disease d. stroke e. hypertension
c. heart disease
Dietary management of diabetes should focus first on ________. a. blood glucose control b. reduced sugar intake c. increased physical activity d. blood cholesterol control e. increased fiber intake
a. blood glucose control
What is the first, direct result of destruction of pancreatic beta cells in an individual? a. decreased insulin production b. elevated levels of glucose c. increased blood pressure d. elevated levels of triglycerides e. decreased triglycerides
a. decreased insulin production
Because diet can profoundly influence physiology, understanding and applying the glycemic index can help prevent a. diabetes b. High blood pressure c. Weight loss
a. diabetes
Which of the following foods provides little or no carbohydrate? Which of the following foods provides little or no carbohydrate? a. nuts b. milk c. beans d. cereal e. apples
a. nuts
weight gain of how many between the ages of 25 and 40 has been found to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes sevenfold? a. over 40 lb b. 30-40 lb c. 20-30 lb d. 10-15 lb e. 5 lb
d. 10-15 lb
How many abnormalities must be present for a person to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome? a. 1 b. 1-2 c. 2-3 d. 3 or more e. 4-5
d. 3 or more
Now, choose the individual who is most likely to have type 2 diabetes: a. An overweight teenager whose grandfather has diabetes b. A 40-year-old runner c. An 8-year-old child d. A 65-year-old overweight man who is tired all the time
d. A 65-year-old overweight man who is tired all the time
Which of the following is true of type 1 diabetes? a. It is an obesity-related disease. b. It is an acute disease. c. It is a reversible condition. d. It is an autoimmune disease. e. It is a curable disease.
d. It is an autoimmune disease.
What is the function of Glucagon
increase blood glucose
Glycemic index and glycemic load are different names for the same measurement. a. True b. False
False
What is the function of Insulin
decrease blood glucose