Chapter 13 Practice Quiz
Which of the following reflexes prevents you from falling when you slip in a puddle of water in your kitchen? -polysynaptic -crossed extensor -contralateral -all of the listed responses are correct.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following statements about the peripheral distribution of spinal nerves is INCORRECT? -Rami communicantes are nerve branches to and from sympathetic chain ganglia near the spinal cord. -All spinal nerves branch to form gray and white rami communicantes. -The largest branch from a spinal nerve is the ventral ramus. -White rami communicantes carry information toward the sympathetic ganglia
All spinal nerves branch to form gray and white rami communicantes.
An epidural block __________. -will enhance pain perceptions -can be given to control pain during labor -is the introduction of anesthetics into he subarachnoid space -does not cause a temporary loss of sensory function
can be given to control pain during labor
The filum terminale and spinal nerves in the lumbar and sacral regions are called the __________. -cauda equina -sella turcica -dorsal root ganglion -conus medullaris
cauda equina
Which of the following spinal cord structures is NOT properly associated with its characteristics? -horns- regions of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons -cental canal- located within gray matter -dorsal root- linked to lateral gray horn -columns- regions of myelinated axons
dorsal root- linked to lateral gray horn
Which of these terms about nerves is INCORRECTLY associated with its meaning? -endoneurium- surrounds each myelinated axon and its Schwann cells -dermatome- specific region of body surface monitored by a spinal nerve -perineurium- contains arteries and veins -fascicle- the bundle containing all the axons of a spinal nerve, but not the epineurium
fascicle
Accidentally touching a burner on a stove elicits a(n) __________ reflex. -flexor -extensor -tendon -stretch
flexor
The median nerve of the brachial plexus innervates the __________. -flexor muscles of the forearm -deltoid and teres minor -extensor muscles of the hand -supinators of the hand
flexor muscles of the forearm
There are __________ major plexuses of the spinal nerves. -two -three -four -five
four
The patellar reflex __________. -is triggered by stretching of the quadriceps muscles -causes a rapid increase and then decline in the muscle tone of the quadriceps -is an example of a monosynaptic reflex and a stretch reflex -has all of the listed characteristics
has all of the listed characteristics
Dermatomes __________. -are clinically important because they indicate which spinal nerve may have suffered damage or infection -are areas of skin that may have a loss of sensation if the spinal nerves supplying that area have been damaged -are regions of skin supplied by specific spinal nerves -have all of the listed characteristics
have all of the listed characteristics
Monosynaptic reflexes __________. -have the shortest delay -have a single synapse -are the simplest reflexes -have all of the listed characteristics
have all of the listed characteristics
Ryan was in a car accident and has suffered injury to the dorsal root of his C7 spinal nerve on his left side. Which structure would he likely have difficulty receiving sensations from after this injury? -his left groin area -his left index finger -his left fifth finger -his right shoulder
his left index finger
Gray mater in the spinal cord is divided into __________. -columns -horns -canals -tracts
horns
Which of the following reflexes is INCORRECTLY linked with its characteristics? -visceral reflex-manages glands, cardiac muscle, or smooth muscle -monosynaptic reflex- has one synapse between sensory neuron and motor neuron -acquired reflex- produces complex, learned motor pattern -innate reflex- produces complex, learned motor pattern
innate reflex
The branches of the ansa cervicalis innervate the __________. -laryngeal muscles -scapular muscles -skin of the neck and face -diaphragm
laryngeal muscles
Acquired reflexes are __________. -genetically programmed -learned responses -the simplest types of reflexes -none of the listed responses
learned responses
Which of these nerves does NOT arise from the cervical plexus? -median nerve -greater auricular nerve -phrenic nerve -supraclavicular nerve
median nerve
The membranes surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord are the __________. -mesenteries -pleural peritoneum -meninges -epidermis
meninges
The most important branch of the cervical plexus is the __________ nerve, which innervates the diaphragm. -lesser occipital -phrenic -cervical -ansa cervicalis
phrenic
Which of the following is NOT a method by which reflexes can be classified? -the site from which information is obtained -the complexity of the neural circuit -the site where information processing occurs -the nature of the resulting motor response
the site from which information is obtained
In the spinal cord, the gray horns contain _________. -anterior, lateral, and posterior columns -ascending and descending tracts -dorsal and ventral roots -visceral and somatic sensory, and motor nuclei
visceral and somatic sensory, and motor nuclei
The adult spinal cord is about __________ long. -15 cm -30 cm -45 cm -100 cm
45 cm
Which of the following statements about the tendon reflex is FALSE? -It prevents muscles from developing enough tension to damage the tendons. -It prevents opposing tendon force through reciprocal inhibition. -It has reverberating circuits that prolong the reflexive motor response. -All of the lisited responses are correct.
It prevents opposing tendon force through reciprocal inhibition.
Which of the following statements about the spinal cord and spinal meninges is INCORRECT? -The cauda equina refers to the area of the spinal cord just under the pia mater. -The meninges cover the entire spinal cord and extend over the spinal nerve roots to fuse with tissues covering the spinal nerves. -The denticulate ligaments are paired lateral extensions from the pia mater to the dura mater that prevent lateral movement of the spinal cord. -The spinal meninges provide physical stability, shock absorption, and a pathway for blood vessels for the spinal cord.
The cauda equina refers to the area of the spinal cord just under the pia mater.
Which of the following is NOT among the basic characteristics of polysynaptic spinal reflexes? -The response may be inhibitory to some muscles or excitatory to other muscles. -The response is always to inhibit muscles. -The distribution of active neurons is intersegmental. -Several reflexes may cooperate to produce a coordinated response.
The response is always to inhibit muscles.
Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is FALSE? -The spinal cord itself extends the length of the entire vertebral column. -There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. -Spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers. -All of the listed responses are true; none are false.
The spinal cord itself extends the length of the entire vertebral column.
Jon is learning to drive, and although at first he was slow to step on the brake when trouble appeared, he now does it automatically. What kind of reflex has Jon developed? -acquired -patellar -monosynaptic -innate
acquired
What is the first step in the activation of a reflex arc? -activation of a receptor -activation of a sensory neuron -information processing -activation of a motor neuron
activation of a receptor
The dorsal root ganglion contains the __________ of __________ neurons. -cell bodies; sensory -axons; motor -axons and dendrites; sensory and motor -cell bodies, axons, and dendrites; sensory and motor
cell bodies; sensory
The space between the arachnoid and pia mater is filled with __________. -cerebrospinal fluid -synovial fluid -blood -plasma
cerebrospinal fluid
Regions of the spinal cord are expanded to accommodate sensory and motor information. These expanded areas are called the __________. -dorsal and ventral roos -anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus -cervical and lumbar enlargements -filum terminale and cauda equine
cervical and lumbar enlargements
The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex, making compensatory adjustments on the side of the body opposite that which receives the stimulus, is the __________ reflex. -flexor -crossed extensor -reciprocall -bilateral
crossed extensor
Sherry runs a feather along the sole of her 10-year-old brother's foot. His toes immediately curl in response to the touch. What type of reflex has just occured? -Babinski reflex -plantar reflex -stretch reflex -abdominal reflex
plantar reflex
Which of the following nerves innervates the sphincter muscles controlling defecation and urination? -genitofemoral nerve -pudendal nerve -saphenous nerve -obturator nerve
pudendal nerve
What is the last step in the activation of a reflex arc? -activation of a sensory neuron -activation of a motor neuron -response of an effector (muscle) -arrival of a stimulus
response of an effector (muscle)
Which of the following terms describes the action of the neural circuit when collateral branches of axons extend back and further stimulate presynaptic neurons? -reverberation -convergence -reinforcement -divergence
reverberation
Susan is doing hip extension movements during an exercise class. Which plexus and nerve is she using to contract the gluteus maximus muscle? -sacral plexus and sciatic nerve -sacral plexus and inferior gluteal nerve -lumbar plexus and obturator nerve -brachial plexus and ulnar nerve
sacral plexus and inferior gluteal nerve
Which of these plexuses is INCORRECTLY linked with its contributing nerves? -lumbar plexus- T12 through L4 -brachial plexus- C5 through T1 -cervical plexus- C1 through C5 -sacral plexus- L5 through S4
sacral plexus- L5 through S4
