Chapter 13 Psychology

31. Client-centered therapy is to __________ as Gestalt therapy is to __________.

Nondirective: directive

12. Which of the following statements would Albert Ellis agree with?

People's problems are the result of their faulty thinking.

23. __________ is the traditional form of psychoanalytic therapy as pioneered by Sigmund Freud.

Psychoanalysis

44. Efforts to prevent problems such as substance abuse and depression in Native Americans should focus on strengthening

cultural identity, pride and cohesion.

25. The aim of psychodynamic treatment is

insight.

41. Albert Ellis focused on the __________ quality of his clients' beliefs.

irrational

3. In the United States, by the mid-1950s, most people diagnosed with psychological disorders lived in

mental hospitals.

15. The technique employed to determine the success of therapy that combines and averages the results of many individual studies is called _______.

meta-analysis

19. The first mental institutions were located within

monasteries.

43. Ethnic minority groups are less likely to seek therapy than European Americans because of all of the following EXCEPT

multicultural therapeutic approaches.

36. What does modeling rely on to help clients therapeutically?

observational learning

40. One of Beck's clients was laid off from her job as an airline pilot. The client assumes she must be a terrible pilot because she was one of the first to go. The client is exhibiting

overgeneralization.

42. Which forms of therapy tend to work with well-educated, verbal, and highly motivated clients?

psychodynamic and client-centered

18. Psychotherapy treats

psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and personal growth issues.

1. The systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that applies psychological principles to affect the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior is

psychotherapy.

14. Family therapists usually see the "identified patient" as the

scapegoat for other problems in the family.

46. Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of __________ in the brain.

serotonin or noradrenaline

39. The operant technique used to help formerly hospitalized patients live in communities is

social skills training.

38. The hierarchy used to overcome phobias with systematic desensitization is based on the principle of

successive approximations.

33. Your therapist teaches you progressive muscle relaxation and then works with you to make a list of circumstances that disturb you, from the minor ones up through the worst you can imagine. She is using the behavioral technique called

systematic desensitization.

22. In the present day United States, most people with psychological disorders live in

the community.

29. While traditional psychoanalysis focused on the client's past experiences, the humanistic therapist tends to focus on

the present.

10. In a classroom with emotionally challenged students, the teacher gives out coupons for appropriate behavior and takes away coupons for inappropriate behavior. At the end of the day, coupons can be traded for different rewards. The teacher is employing the __________ method.

token economy

4. A client accuses his psychoanalyst of sounding just like his father. This client is exhibiting

transference

35. The idea behind __________ is to systematically expose patients to aspects of their experience in a gradual fashion so that they can confront their fears, using video game-like technology.

virtual therapy

5. According to Freud, unconscious impulses tend to be expressed in dreams as a form of

wish fulfillment.

2. Which one of the following was a reformer who attempted to change the manner in which patients with abnormal behavior were treated?

Dorothea Dix Philippe Pinel William Tuke All of these.

24. According to psychoanalytic therapies, what is the origin of psychological disorders?

Early childhood experiences and inner conflicts.

13. What is one advantage to group therapy?

It is more economical.

8. Behavior therapy applies the principles of __________ to modify behavior.

Learning

21. Why did the first asylums aggravate the conditions of the mentally ill?

The conditions were overcrowded and there was no treatment.

20. Asylums are to __________ as a mental hospital is to __________.

Warehousing: treatment

45. "Minor tranquilizer" is another term for

antianxiety drug.

37. To treat an alcoholic, the behavior therapist prescribes a pill that the client is to take every day. This medication will cause nausea and vomiting if the client ingests alcohol. This is a(n) __________ technique.

aversive conditioning

9. Behavior therapy methods for fear reduction include all of the following EXCEPT

aversive conditioning.

28. Ego analysts focus on the __________ rather than on the __________.

conscious behavior of ego: unconscious behavior of id.

32. A therapist is helping a client ascertain what rewards are maintaining the client's drinking habit so a modification plan can be devised. This is an example of _______ therapy.

behavioral

11. A patient with high blood pressure is connected to a device that allows the individual to listen for the sounds of his heart rate decreasing as he practices relaxation. This is most likely a __________ training session.

biofeedback

47. The metal lithium is a psychoactive drug used to treat symptoms of

bipolar disorder.

17. Many antipsychotic medications are believed to act by

blocking dopamine receptors.

26. Freud proposed the concept of __________ to describe the spilling forth of psychic energy that had been repressed by feelings of guilt.

catharsis

16. Which of the following therapies has shown more widespread applicability and success?

cognitive-behavioral

6. Client-centered therapy focuses on how childhood experiences create __________ which adversely affect the client's current functioning.

denial of self

7. Which of the following, according to Carl Rogers, is NOT a quality of a client-centered therapist?

directiveness

27. Freud proposed that the psychic structure of the unconscious could be revealed by a patient's

dreams.

30. In client-centered therapy, the therapist tries to set aside his or her own values and view the world through the client's

frame of reference.

34. A(n) __________ ranks stimuli according to their capacity to elicit a fear or anxiety response. It is part of the behavioral procedure called systematic desensitization.

hierarchy