Chapter 13: The peripheral nervous system
A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________. A) Golgi tendon reflex B) flexor reflex C) crossed extensor reflex D) plantar reflex
A) Golgi tendon reflex
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. A) afferent nerves B) efferent nerves C) motor nerves D) mixed nerves
A) afferent nerves
The projection level of the brain does not include the ________. A) basal nuclei B) brain stem nuclei C) reticular formation D) cerebellum
A) basal nuceli
Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups. A) cervical plexus B) lumbar plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus
A) cervical plexus
A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? A) facial B) glossopharyngeal C) hypoglossal D) accessory
A) facial
A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________. A) femoral B) iliohypogastric C) sciatic D) ilioinguinal
A) femoral
Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________. A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords B) rami, divisions, cords, and trunks C) divisions, rami, trunks, and cords D) trunks, divisions, cords, and rami
A) rami, trunk, division, and cords
The peripheral nervous system includes ________. A) sensory receptors B) basal nuclei C) the spinal cord D) the corpus callosum
A) sensory receptors
The abducens nerve ________. A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye B) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue C) exits from the medulla D) if paralyzed, exhibits Bellʹs palsy
A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway. A) Touch B) Pain C) Temperature D) Arousal
A) touch
Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull? A) trigeminal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal
A) trigminial
After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________. A) Wallerian cells B) Schwann cells C) dendrites D) Golgi organs
B) Schwann Cells
Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc? A) The center may be a single synapse between a motor and a sensory neuron. B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons. C) It is always located in the CNS. D) The center is a simple reflex arc.
B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons
The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. A) hypoglossal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal
B) accessory
Select the statement that is most correct. A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that are associated with efferent fibers. B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure. D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.
B) afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? A) complete loss of sensation B) a complete loss of voluntary movement C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control D) a complete loss of sensation and movement
B) complete loss of voluntary movement
In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________. A) also flex B) extend C) abduct D) adduct
B) extend
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________. A) interoceptors B) exteroceptors C) proprioceptors D) chemoreceptors
B) exteroceptors
The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain. A) medial rectus muscle B) lateral rectus muscle C) superior rectus muscle D) inferior rectus muscle
B) lateral rectus muscle
Basic reflexes ________. A) are rapid, predictable, learned responses B) may be modified by learned behavior C) are autonomic only D) are always mediated by the brain
B) may be modified by learned behavior
Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________. A) The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks B) Only ventral rami form plexuses C) Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve D) The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus
B) only the ventral rami form plexuses
A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs? A) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector C) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor D) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
Transduction refers to conversion of ________. A) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses B) stimulus information to nerve impulses C) receptor energy to stimulus energy D) afferent impulses to efferent impulses
B) stimulus information to nerve impulses
All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________. A) pons B) thalamus C) reticular formation D) medulla
B) thalamus
Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct? A) six cervical B) twelve thoracic C) six lumbar D) eight sacral
B) twelve thoracic
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following? A) oculomotor B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) facial
B) vestibulocochlear
Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory
B) vestibulocochlear
Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________. A) Meissnerʹs corpuscles B) Merkel discs C) Pacinian corpuscles D) root hair plexuses
C) Pacinian corpuscles
Select the correct definition. A) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation. B) Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body. C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face. D) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures.
C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.
The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. A) ophthalmic B) maxillary C) cervical D) mandibular
C) cervical
Regeneration within the CNS ________. A) is more successful than with the PNS B) typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm C) is complicated by secondary demyelination D) is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars
C) is complicated by secondary demyelination
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________. A) interoceptors B) photoreceptors C) nociceptors D) proprioceptors
C) nociceptors
Which receptors adapt most slowly? A) smell receptors B) pressure receptors C) nociceptors D) touch receptors
C) nocireceptors
A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve? A) glossopharyngeal B) vagus C) olfactory D) accessory
C) olfactory
Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar
C) phrenic
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________. A) lumbar plexus B) femoral plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus
C) sacral plexus
The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve. A) obturator B) common fibular C) tibial D) femoral
C) tibial
Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________. A) radial nerve B) sciatic nerve C) ulnar nerve D) median nerve
C) ulnar nerve
Babinskiʹs sign is ________. A) normal in an infant less than 4 years old B) a reflex whose physiological mechanism is well understood C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally D) caused by incomplete development of the thalamus in the infant
C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally
Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS? A) direct system B) indirect system C) projection level D) CPG
D) CPG
Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________. A) are found primarily in connective tissue B) are anatomically unencapsulated C) are interoceptors D) are mechanoreceptors
D) are mechanoreceptors
The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________. A) spinal cord B) thalamus C) brain stem D) cerebral cortex
D) cerebral cortex
The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves? A) pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous B) posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial C) pudendal and common fibular D) common fibular and tibial
D) common fibial and tibial
The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________. A) receptor level B) circuit level C) perceptual level D) effector level
D) effector level
Bellʹs palsy ________. A) is characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles B) is characterized by loss of vision C) is often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous
D) musculocutaneous
The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________. A) cervical plexus B) brachial plexus C) lumbar plexus D) sacral plexus
D) sacral plexus
An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________. A) neurofibromatosis B) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy C) paresthesia D) sciatica
D) sciatica
The ʺknee jerkʺ reflex is an example of a(n) ________. A) extensor thrust reflex B) stress reflex C) cross extensor reflex D) stretch reflex
D) stretch
Which of the following is not a nerve plexus? A) brachial B) cervical C) lumbar D) thoracic
D) thoracic
The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________. A) trigeminal B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) trochlear
D) trochlear