Chapter 14 A&P

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain?

The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

A person with a damaged visual association area may be

able to see letters but unable to associate them into words.

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the

arbor vitae.

The anterior nuclei of the thalamus

are part of the limbic system.

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

association

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as

ataxia.

Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the

basal nuclei.

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from

blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

The medulla oblongata regulates

blood pressure and respiration.

The choroid plexus is composed of

blood vessels.

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the

brain stem.

Identify the structure labeled "10."

central canal

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the

cerebellar cortex.

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences?

cerebellum

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

cerebellum.

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

cerebral peduncles.

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

cerebrum.

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

choroid plexus

The corpus callosum is composed of

commissural fibers.

The medial nuclei of the thalamus

connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe.

The ________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.

corpora quadrigemina

Which EEG wave if seen in an awake adult may indicate a pathological condition?

delta

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

diencephalon

Identify the structure labeled "7."

dura mater

The dural venous sinuses are located in the

dural folds.

Specialized ________ form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

ependymal cells

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

falx cerebri.

Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the

falx cerebri.

Stimulation of the ________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger.

feeding center

Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus?

forms the roof of the diencephalon

A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the

fornix.

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

fourth.

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system?

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called

gyri.

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

hippocampus

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

hypothalamus

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

hypothalamus.

The lateral ventricles are found

in the cerebral hemispheres.

Parkinson's disease is the result of

inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this?

inferior colliculi

The medulla oblongata relays auditory stimuli to the

inferior colliculi.

The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

infundibulum

The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the

insula.

Commissural fibers

interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres.

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

internal carotid and vertebral arteries.

The passageway between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle is the

interventricular foramen.

Cerebrospinal fluid

is secreted by ependymal cells.

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains.

larger

The dorsal/posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the

lateral and medial geniculate nuclei.

The optic nerves carry visual information from the retina to the

lateral geniculate nuclei.

The system that functions in tying together emotions, motivation and memory is the

limbic system.

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are

lobes.

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure.

Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues.

medulla oblongata

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata.

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata.

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

metencephalon.

What structures make up the brainstem? (Figure 14-1)

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the

midbrain.

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become

more complex.

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe.

The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the

parietal and frontal lobes.

The cerebral lobe posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe.

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?

pia mater

List the maters surrounding the brain from the deepest layer to the most superficial layer. (Figure 14-3)

pia, arachnoid, dura

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

pons.

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the

precentral gyrus.

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the

prefrontal cerebral cortex.

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities?

prefrontal cortex

In order to take notes the primary motor cortex must receive input from the ________ first.

premotor cortex

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex.

primary sensory

A person touches you lightly with a feather. What two areas of the brain allow you to feel and interpret this touch?

primary sensory cortex and the somatic sensory association area

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

produces ATP for impulse transmission

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain?

prosencephalon

During development, three primary brain vesicles form. The three vesicles are the

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.

reticular activating system

The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the

septum pellucidum.

Identify the structure labeled "6."

subarachnoid space

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

subarachnoid space

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the

substantia nigra.

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the

superior and inferior colliculi.

To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the

superior sagittal sinus.

Which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms?

suprachiasmatic nucleus

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

telencephalon

The auditory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe.

The olfactory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe.

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.

thalamus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus.

Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged?

the limbic system

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to

the prefrontal cortex.

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because

the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called

ventricles.

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

vermis.

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.

CSF is absorbed into the venous circulation via arachnoid granulations. Identify an arachnoid granulation.

8

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.

97 percent

Tony hit his head in a car accident. The physicians diagnosed him with a subdural hemorrhage. Which of the following correctly states where the bleeding has occurred in his brain?

Blood is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland?

It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin.