chapter 14 history

What helped revive the slavery controversy and opened up a new period of sectional conflict?

texas becoming a state, check back

Which event led to a mass population increase in California?

the gold rush

Who was Dred Scott and why did he sue in the Missouri state courts?

Dred Scott was the slave of Dr. John Emerson, an army surgeon who lived in St. Louis, Missouri. He sued for his freedom, arguing he had become free when he lived in free territory

What occurred during the Sack of Lawrence?

During the Sack of Lawrence, one man was killed in the pro-slavery attack that became known as the Sack of Lawrence.

How did white southerners react to the Dred Scott decision?

The southerners were happy about the Dred Scott decision because it covered every question regarding slavery, settling it in the favor of the South.

Name three things the Court had to do with Scott's case.

1. The Court had to rule on whether Scott was a citizen. 2. The Court had to decide if his time living on free soil made him free. 3. The Court had to determine the constitutionality of prohibiting slavery in parts of the Louisiana Purchase.

After the Sack of Lawrence, who was determined to "fight fire with fire" and to "strike terror in the hearts of the pro-slavery people"?

Abolitionist John Brown from New England was determined to "fight fire with fire" and to "Strike terror in the hearts of the pro-slavery people."

What did Abraham Lincoln believe about the nation?

Abraham Lincoln believed that the nation could not remain "half slave and half free."

Who was Anthony Burns?

Anthony Burns was a Virginia slave fugitive who was arrested in Boston. Abolitionists were able to rescue him using force.

What was the punishment for Brook's actions? What nickname did northerners give him after the attack?

Brooks was fined only $300 and northerners called him "Bully Brooks."

What events led to the caning of Charles Sumner on May 22, 1856 in Senate chambers?

Charles Sumner criticized pro-slavery people in kansas and personally insulted Andrew Pickens Butler, a pro-slavery senator from South Carolina.

Who wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision in March 1857?

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision in March 1857.

Who owned federal property in the southern states once they chose to secede?

Confederate President Davis owned federal property in the southern states once they chose to secede.

What can a state NOT do?

Formally withdrawing from the Union. check back

Who was Franklin Pierce and what did he promise to honor in order to attain the Democratic presidential nomination and win the election of 1852?

Franklin Pierce was a little known politician from New Hampshire and he promised to honor the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Act

What states seceded to form the Confederate States of America?

Mississippi,, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded to form the Confederate States of America.

Who was the author of the anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe was the author of the anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

What did John Brown and his men do in 1859?

He raided the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in 1859 hoping to start a slave rebellion.

Who was the great negotiator?

Henry Clay was the great negotiator.

What would "the next Dred Scott decision," do?

Illinois lawyer who warned that a future Court ruling, or what he called "the next Dred Scott decision," would prohibit states from banning slavery.

What events in 1856 became national front-page news?

In 1856, Brown and his men killed five pro-slavery men in Kansas in what became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre. Later in May, 1856, Brooks used a walking cane to beat Sumner unconscious in the Senate chambers.

What was the length of time before Sumner could return to his duties in the Senate?

It took three years before Sumner was well enough to return to his duties in the Senate.

Who did the Democrats nominate for president?

James Buchanan of Pennsylvania

Who won the election of 1856, and what advantages did he have over the other candidates?

James Buchanan of Pennsylvania won the election of 1856 because he was not involved in the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Who did delegates from seceded states elect as president of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis of Mississippi

What was the result of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?

John Brown was captured with the rest of his men, while two of his men ended up dead.

What was Brown's fate on December 2, 1859?

John Brown was hung on December 3, 1859 when he and his men were captured by a militia.

Who was the first presidential nominee for the Republican party and why was he chosen?

John C. Fremont was chosen as the first nominee of the Republican Party because though he had little experience, he stood against the spread of slavery.

How did Lincoln respond to Crittenden's proposal?

Lincoln disagreed with Crittenden's proposal and believed there could be no compromise about the extension of slavery.

While not victorious in the race for the US Senate, what became of Lincoln?

Lincoln still emerged as an important leader of the Republican Party.

During the debates, what did Lincoln stress as the central issue of the campaign?

Lincoln stressed that the central issue of the campaign was the spread of slavery in the West.

How did Lincoln win the election?

Lincoln won the election due to a unified Republican Party supporting him.

Popular Sovereignty

Popular sovereignty is the right of people in a territory or state to vote directly on issues rather than have their elected representatives decide.

Who stated the Union was not "a mere voluntary associate of States, to be dissolved at pleasure by any one of the contracting parties." What did it mean?

President Buchanan said this because he meant that one individual state could not just do whatever it wanted, but only had the rights the government and COnstitution allowed them to have.

Who was responsible for the actual caning of Sumner?

Preston Brooks was responsible for the caning of Sumner.

Who were the candidates that debated in 1858 to represent Illinois in the US Senate?

Republican Abraham Lincoln and his opponent Stephen Douglas debated in 1858 to represent Illinois in the US Senate.

Why were Republicans upset?

Republicans were upset because Congress no longer had the right to ban slavery in the federal territories and feared it would spread beyond those territories.

What argument did Scott present to the court to grant him his freedom?

Scott argued that since he lived in free territory now, he was now a free man.

Why was the Dred Scott decision significant?

Scott's decision increased sectional tensions, overturned the Missouri compromise, increased the chance of the spreads of slavery, and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

In an effort to save the Union and avoid civil war, what did Senator John J. Crittenden propose?

Senator John J. Crittenden proposed a series of constitutional amendments that he believed would satisfy the South by protecting slavery.

In 1854, a new political party was formed. What was the party and from what parties did the members originate?

Some Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers, and abolitionists formed in 1854 to make the Republican party.

How did the southern states respond to the election of 1860 and why?

Southern states were mad about the election of 1860 because they didn't like that Lincoln won.

Why did southerners not want to upset the balance of power by letting California enter the Union as a free state?

Southerners were worried that it would favor the free states.

Why did southerners who supported secession believe the action was constitutional?

Southerners who supported secession thought since each of the original states had voluntarily joined the Union by holding a special convention that had ratified the Constitution, then states could leave the Union by the same process.

What was the Freeport Doctrine and who initiated it?

Stephen Douglas initiated a doctrine that allowed slavery to be excluded from territories of the United States by local legislation.

What was achieved with the passing of the Compromise of 1850?

The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and the rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two territories- Utah and New Mexico- where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty.

Name the new political party formed by anti-slavery northerners who supported the Wilmot Proviso?

The Free-Soil Party supported the Wilmot Proviso, which was formed by anti-slavery northerners.

What law made it a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to arrest those slaves in free areas?

The Fugitive Slave Act made it a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to arrest those slaves in free areas.

Describe the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a plan that would divide the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories-Kansas and Nebraska-and allow the people in each territory to decide on the question of slavery.

This prohibited slavery north of latitude 36/ 30

The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery north of latitude 36/30.

Missouri Compromise (go back to page 266 in Chapter 8)

The Missouri Compromise settled the conflict that had arisen from Missouri's application for statehood.

Describe what is now known as the Pottawatomie Massacre.

The Pottawatomie Massacre was when Brown and his men killed five pro-slavery men in Kansas.

Name the document that proposed that slavery would not exist in any part of the Mexican Cession?

The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery would not exist in any part of the Mexican Cession.

How did Southerners feel about Lincoln's victory?

The election angered southerners because Lincoln didn't campaign in their region and didn't carry any southern states.

What did the new constitution of the Confederacy guarantee its citizens?

The new constitution of the Confederacy guarantee its citizens the right to own slaves.

In what two ways were the Fugitive Slave Act biased in favor of slaveholders?

The slaveholders would receive money and so would the commissioner that decided the slave's fate, even though the slaveholder did no work. Slaveholders were also permitted to take suspected fugitives to U.S commissioners who decided their fate. They were also made by slaveholders.

What would this act eliminate in the Missouri Compromise?

This act would eliminate the Missouri Compromise's restriction on slavery north of the 36 degrees 30' line.

What were the three major rulings in the Dred Scott decision?

Three major rulings in the Dred Scott decision were that African Americans, slave or free, were not citizens under the U.S Constitution, whether Scott's residence on free soil made him free, and the Missouri Compromise restriction on slavery north of 36 degrees 30' to be unconstitutional.

What are three examples of anti-slavery literature?

Uncle Tom's Cabin, A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, and the Wilmot Proviso.

What were two reasons the Republican Party chose Lincoln as their presidential candidate in 1860?

check back

what did sectionalism do?

favored the interests of one section or region of the interest of the entire country

Who won the 1852 presidential election?

franklin pierce

Although it did not pass, the Wilmot Proviso spurred a debate that showed great ____________.

growing sectionalism

Who was the Senator who helped settle the Missouri crisis of 1819-1820?

henry clay