Chapter 14: Later Life: The Physical Challenges of Old Age

Estelle was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Her family has been told that her life expectancy is approximately: 6 months. 1 year. 4 to 10 years. 20 years.

4 to 10 years

The typical time from being diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder until death is approximately: 6 months. 20 years. 1-3 years. 4-10 years.

4-10 years.

Animals given less food but a nutritionally rich diet can 1 percent longer. 2 percent longer. 60 percent longer. 90 percent longer.

60 percent longer

_____ is a condition in which there is a buildup of pressure in the eye that can damage the visual receptors. Macular degeneration Presbyopia Diabetic retinopathy Glaucoma

Glaucoma

Which of the following is NOT an intervention for age-related hearing losses? Have a phone that flashes when it rings. Speak more loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronunciation. Reduce background noise. Install wall-to-wall carpeting.

Speak more loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronounciation

The text states that people should avoid elderspeak because it: is important to speak clearly and face the person when speaking with an elderly person. is patronizing. involves speaking loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronunciation. is similar to infant-directed speech.

is patronizing

Impurities form in the _____ with age, giving rise to problems with glare and seeing in dimly lit settings. lens retina the optic nerve iris

lens

Roberto's mother has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Roberto asked his physician if there is a test to predict whether he will develop this disease. His physician is likely to tell him that he can test him for _____. It if is present, it will increase the likelihood of Roberto developing Alzheimer's disease. vascular dementia the APOE-4 marker amyloid senile plaques

the APOE 4 marker

The fastest-growing age group in the world is: young adults. teenagers. the old-old. infants.

the old old

In the United States, only people who are _____ live in continuing care. wealthy middle class poor old-old

wealthy

Which is NOT an appropriate intervention for age-related hearing loss? Install double-paned windows in a home. Speak to a hearing-impaired person in higher pitch. Reduce background noise as much as possible. Install wall-to-wall carpeting.

Speak to a hearing impaired person in higher pitch

Tom has been suffering from major neurocognitive disorder for a few years. Recently his daughter has noticed a new symptom, as his _____ is starting to decline. semantic knowledge memory abstract reasoning movement

abstract reasoning

Alzheimer's disease is currently: curable through brain surgery. incurable, but physical exercise might help in prevention. preventable by doing memory exercises. curable with medication.

incurable, but physical exercise might help in prevention

Problems with everyday household chores such as cooking are referred to as: major neurocognitive disorder. fine motor skills. instrumental ADL problems. basic ADL problems.

instrumental ADL problems

Galila has always been a great cook, but now at the age of 90, she is unable to cook for herself. Galila has a problem with: instrumental ADLs. normal aging change. basic ADLs. major neurocognitive disorder.

instrumental ADLs

Yolanda has always been a great cook, but now at the age of 90, she is unable to cook for herself. She can still walk and dress herself. Yolanda has a problem with: neurocognitive disorder. instrumental ADLs. arthritis. basic ADLs.

instrumental ADLs

Doris has difficulty with tasks such as cooking or cleaning whereas her sister Coral has troubles with basic self-care activities such as bathing or dressing. Doris has _____ impairments whereas Coral has ____ impairments. basic; basic instrumental; instrumental instrumental; basic basic; instrumental

instrumental; basic

_____ ADL impairments involve difficulty with tasks such as cooking or cleaning; _____ ADL impairments involve trouble with self-care activities such as standing or dressing. instrumental; basic Instrumental; instrumental Basic; basic Basic; instrumental

instrumental; basic

The main cause of older people's slowness is: foot problems. early-stage neurocognitive disorder. personality issues. longer reaction times.

longer reaction times

The main cause of older people's slowness is: longer reaction times. early-stage neurocognitive disorder. foot problems. personality issues.

longer reaction times.

Which is NOT a common visual problem associated with growing older? difficulty seeing some colors clearly losing the ability to see contrast difficulty seeing in dim light high sensitivity to glare

losing the ability to see contrast

Tony and his wife Maria are 64 years old and are both very worried about Alzheimer's disease. Their doctor tells them that the risk of getting a major neurocognitive disorder by the age of 65 is: higher for Maria than Tony. high for both Tony and Maria. high for Maria. low for both Tony and Maria.

low for both Tony and Maria

A drawback to working as a certified nursing assistant or aide is: low work quality. low status and pay. lack of job satisfaction. lack of interest in doing a good job.

low status and pay

Although human average life expectancy has increased, the _____ human lifespan hasn't changed. median maximum mean minimum

maximum

_____ only pays for services that are defined as cure-oriented. Medicaid Medicare Assisted living TANF

medicare

Tara is a wealthy American, and Marissa is a poor American. Both were born in 1995. Differences in the health of these women is most likely to be MOST pronounced during: childhood. adolescence. middle age. old age.

middle age

With _____ the person has difficulties with memory and thinking that do NOT prevent independent living. minor neurocognitive disorder major neurocognitive disorder early stage Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease

minor neurocognitive disorder

With _____ the person has difficulties with memory and thinking that do NOT prevent independent living. Parkinson's disease minor neurocognitive disorder early stage Alzheimer's disease major neurocognitive disorder

minor neurocognitive disorder

Lois just entered a nursing home where she shares a room with three other women. It turns out they all entered the nursing home for the same reason. What is MOST likely to be the reason? They all lost their hearing. They all lost their spouses. They all developed diabetes. They all broke their hips.

they all broke their hips

By a person's _____, differences in aging rates start to show up and are especially apparent for people who are _____. late twenties; middle class late fifties; upper class teens; poorer thirties; poor

thirties poor

Gail receives home health services. This suggests that Gail has chosen: to age in place. to live in an assisted living facility. day-care programs. to live in a nursing home.

to age in place

Which of the following is NOT a normal, age-related change in vision? trouble seeing in sunlight trouble seeing close objects trouble seeing in the dark trouble seeing in glare-filled environments

trouble seeing in sunlight

The key to life extension may be: undernutrition without malnutrition. malnutrition without undernutrition. undernutrition with caloric maximization. malnutrition with vitamin deprivation.

undernutrition without malnutrition

Certified nursing assistants or aides tend to be: very unhappy with their jobs. happy with their pay but not their jobs. happy both with their jobs and with their pay. unhappy with their pay.

unhappy with their pay

Age-related reaction time losses are _____ and begin _____. rare; in midlife universal; at a fairly young age reversible; in the fifties common; in old age

universal; at a fairly young age

Which of the following is NOT a home modification strategy to compensate for age-related sensory motor problems? Use fluorescent light bulbs. Use strong, indirect light. Install grab bars. Install low-pile carpeting.

use fluorescent light bulbs

About 20 percent of people _____ need help with _____ ADLs. 75 and older; basic 65-74; basic 65-74; instrumental 75 and older; instrumental

75 and older; instrumental

Who is MOST likely to develop a major neurocognitive disorder? Helen, an 86-year-old woman Bill, an 86-year-old man Nancy, a 73-year-old woman Peter, a 73-year-old man

Helen, an 86 year old woman

Which statement regarding the lens of the eye is false? When it develops impurities, the lens loses its ability to bend. It bends to allows people to see close objects. It thickens as people reach midlife. It is located toward the back of the eye immediately adjacent to the optic nerve in order to aid seeing in the dark.

It is located toward the back of the eye immediately adjacent to the optic nerve in order to aid seeing in the dark

_____ is the deterioration of the receptors for central vision and can lead to serious visual impairment and blindness. Glaucoma Diabetic retinopathy Cataracts Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration

____ only pays for services that are defined as cure-oriented. Assisted living TANF Medicare Medicaid

Medicare

_____ only pays for services that are defined as cure-oriented. Medicare Assisted living TANF Medicaid

Medicare

_____, the U.S. government-run health care system for the elderly, pays only for services designated as cure-oriented. Medicaid Assisted living Medicare TANF

Medicare

_____ are more susceptible to preventable age-related illnesses such as heart disease. Women Affluent people Men Middle-class people

Men

_____ is the term for any illness that produces serious, progressive, usually irreversible cognitive decline. Neurocognitive Disorder Elderspeak Stroke Osteoporosis

Neurocognitive Disorder

_____ are long, wavy filaments that replace normal neurons and are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Neurofibrillary plaques Senile plaques Neurofibrillary tangles Senile tangles

Neurofibrillary tangles

_____ is an age-related midlife difficulty with near vision caused by the inability of the lens to bend. Macular degeneration Presbycusis Glaucoma Presbyopia

Presbyopia

Which statement about hearing receptors is false? Receptors encoding the perception of low-pitched tones are most vulnerable to atrophy. They are located in the inner ear. They are also called hair cells. Presbycusis is caused by the inability of the hearing receptors to function properly.

Receptors encoding the perception of low-pitched tones are most vulnerable to atrophy

Here, care for the elderly is government funded causing older adults to NOT worry about what will happen to them if they need help. China Japan Canada Scandinavia

Scandinavia

What happens to a person who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease? The neurons decay and are replaced by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The neurons grow too quickly. The vascular system becomes impaired by multiple small strokes. The neurons decay so fast that the brain loses all its matter.

The neurons decay and are replaced by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques

What happens to a person who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease? The vascular system becomes impaired by multiple small strokes. The neurons grow too quickly. The neurons decay and are replaced by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The neurons decay so fast that the brain loses all its matter.

The neurons decay and are replaced by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques.

Why do women live longer than men? The reasons are both biological and environmental. The reason is only environmental; women take better care of their health. The reason is only biological; men are more likely to get deadly age-related illnesses at an earlier age. The reasons are only environmental; men are under more stress.

The reasons are both biological and environmental

Why do women live longer than men? The reasons are only environmental; men are under more stress. The reasons are both biological and environmental. The reason is only environmental; women take better care of their health. The reason is only biological; men are more likely to get deadly age-related illnesses at an earlier age.

The reasons are both biological and environmental.

Tom has been suffering from major neurocognitive disorder for a few years. Recently his daughter has noticed a new symptom, as his _____ is starting to decline. abstract reasoning semantic knowledge memory movement

abstract reasoning

Marjorie is 80 years old and in good health. She doesn't want to worry about where she will live when her health declines. The BEST choice for Marjorie to move to would be: a new home. a nursing home. a continuing care retirement community. an assisted living facility.

a continuing care retirement community

A hearing loop is: a device that delivers auditory messages directly to a user's hearing aid. a device that delivers phone text messages of the auditory messages broadcast in public places like airports. the physiological connection between the ear and the temporal lobe in the brain. a device that involves having an implant in the temporal lobe of the brain.

a device that delivers auditory messages

The main research effort in the war to prevent Alzheimer's disease centers around understanding the development of _____, a fatty substance that is the basic component of the senile plaques. alkaline glycogen amyloid amylase

amloyid

Geneva does not have any living relatives and needs some help with her activities of daily living (ADLs). She is in relatively good health. The BEST choice for her would be to live in: a day-care program. a nursing home. her own apartment. an assisted living facility.

an assisted living facility

Geneva does not have any living relatives and needs some help with her activities of daily living (ADLs). She is in relatively good health. The BEST choice for her would be to live in: a nursing home. a day-care program. her own apartment. an assisted living facility.

an assisted living facility

Who is MOST likely to be in a nursing home? an old-old man who is middle class either gender over age 65 an old-old woman who is currently middle class an old-old woman who is currently poor

an old-old woman who is currently poor

Older people have special difficulties hearing tones that: mostly consist of percussive noises, such as drums. are low pitch. reach the cochlea before the tympanic membrane. are high pitch.

are high pitch

Jerry suffers from _____, the most common chronic age-related illness in the United States. hearing loss arthritis major neurocognitive disorder heart disease

arthritis

William is a certified nursing assistant (CNA) in a nursing home facility. On the wages William makes, he can: comfortably support his family. live very well. provide for his family and care for his own ailing mother. barely make ends meet.

barely make ends meet

William is a certified nursing assistant in a nursing home facility. On the wages William makes, he can: barely make ends meet. comfortably support his family. live very well. provide for his family and care for his own ailing mother.

barely make ends meet

Jason, age 86, needs almost constant care. He can no longer stand without assistance or go to the bathroom by himself. Jason has problems with: basic ADLs. instrumental ADLs. normal aging change. major neurocognitive disorder.

basic ADLs

Skills related to basic self-care are referred to as: basic ADL limitations. ADL problems. basic ADLs. instrumental ADLs.

basic ADLs

70-year-old Josette and her husband live in rural Tennessee. The couple has three daughters who recently came for a visit with the grandchildren. When one of her grandchildren asks, "Grandma, how long have you lived here?" Josette replies, "We've lived in Georgia for the last 20 years." In fact, Josette and her family moved away from Georgia almost 40 years ago. Josette may be suffering from the early stages of major neurocognitive disorder because she is forgetting _____ information. simple episodic procedural basic semantic complex episodic

basic semantic

Seventy-year-old Mrs. Jones lives in rural Tennessee. Her grandkids recently came for a visit and one asked, "Grandma, how long have you lived here?" Mrs. Jones replied, "We've lived in Georgia for the last 20 years." Mrs. Jones and her family moved away from Georgia almost 40 years ago. Mrs. Jones may be suffering from early stage neurocognitive disorder because she is forgetting _____ information. basic semantic procedural complex episodic simple episodic

basic semantic

Seventy-year-old Mrs. Jones lives in rural Tennessee. Her grandkids recently came for a visit and one asked, "Grandma, how long have you lived here?" Mrs. Jones replied, "We've lived in Georgia for the last 20 years." Mrs. Jones and her family moved away from Georgia almost 40 years ago. Mrs. Jones may be suffering from early stage neurocognitive disorder because she is forgetting _____ information. complex episodic procedural basic semantic simple episodic

basic semantic

Seventy-year-old Mrs. Jones lives in rural Tennessee. Her grandkids recently came for a visit and one asked, "Grandma, how long have you lived here?" Mrs. Jones replied, "We've lived in Georgia for the last 20 years." Mrs. Jones and her family moved away from Georgia almost 40 years ago. Mrs. Jones may be suffering from early stage neurocognitive disorder because she is forgetting _____ information. procedural simple episodic complex episodic basic semantic

basic semantic

In the earliest stage of a major neurocognitive disorder people forget: their own names and the names of their relatives. basic semantic information such as where they live. only episodic information such as what they ate last night. procedural memories such as how to turn on their car.

basic semantic information such as where they live

Gloria is 40 years old and is employed as a(n) _____, where she provides hands-on care in a nursing home, helping elderly residents with basic ADL problems. in-home caregiver certified nursing aide radiologist mortician

certified nursing aide

Grace suffers from a long-term age-related illness that requires ongoing management. Grace has a: terminal disease. normal aging change. chronic disease. basic ADL problem.

chronic disease

Grace suffers from a long-term age-related illness that requires ongoing management. Grace has a: chronic disease. normal aging change. basic ADL problem. terminal disease.

chronic disease

88-year-old Terrence lives with his daughter and son-in-law and has ADL limitations. Fearful of leaving Terrence at home alone, his daughter takes him to a facility when she goes to work. She is dropping Terrence off at a(n): day-care program. assisted-living facility. continuing-care retirement facility. home health service.

day care program

Claire has just recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She can expect to: decline gradually over years. live for at least another decade. be cured by new memory-enhancing drugs. die within one year.

decline gradually over years

Claire has just recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She can expect to: live for at least another decade. die within one year. decline gradually over years. be cured by new memory-enhancing drugs.

decline gradually over years

Ingrid has just recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She can expect to: be cured by new memory-enhancing drugs. live for about another 20 years. decline gradually over years. die within one year.

decline gradually over years

Alternatives to institutionalization is the label for services and settings: designed to keep people with age-related disabilities from entering nursing homes if they don't need 24-hour care. for older people without Medicare. for people with basic ADL impairments. designed for any older adult.

designed to keep people with age-related disabilities from entering nursing homes if they don't need 24-hour care.

Alternatives to institutionalization is the label for services and settings: for people with basic ADL impairments. for older people without Medicare. designed for any older adult. designed to keep people with age-related disabilities from entering nursing homes if they don't need 24-hour care.

designed to keep people with age-related disabilities from entering nursing homes if they don't need 24-hour care.

4. A leakage from the blood vessels of the retina into the body of the eye that can lead to permanently impaired vision is called: cataracts. diabetic retinopathy. glaucoma. macular degeneration.

diabetic retinopathy

A leakage from the blood vessels of the retina into the body of the eye that can lead to permanently impaired vision is called: glaucoma. cataracts. macular degeneration. diabetic retinopathy.

diabetic retinopathy

People over the age of 75 have difficulty driving in situations which demand _____ and complex information processing. strength good hearing slow response time divided attention

divided attention

Statistically, a low-income person will become disabled at a(n) _____ age and will die _____ compared to the same-aged middle-class person. older; younger older; older earlier; older earlier; younger

earlier younger

Gertrude, a mentally sharp but physically impaired resident at a local assisted-living facility, complains that the staff talks to her as if she were a baby. The staff is using: motherese. ageist speak. elderspeak. oldster speak.

elderspeak

The coordinator at Millie's nursing home explains to Millie's family that this facility is person-centered. The coordinator is likely to: require that Millie perform her own basic activities of daily living. require Millie to enroll in a day-care program at another facility. discourage them from visiting. encourage them to make Millie's room as homey as possible for her.

encourage them to make Millie's room as homey as possible for her

Low-income people are more likely to _____ than the affluent. have less life stress engage in high-risk behaviors exercise more often be involved in health-promoting activities

engage in high risk behaviors

Greta, 91, lived a very active life until last year. She was involved in various social and church groups and taught a cooking class at the YMCA. Now she only wants to sit in a chair and look out the window. She talks very little to her friends and is very confused. Greta was diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder due to damage to the part of her brain that is responsible for _____ functioning. basic semantic procedural memory episodic memory executive

executive

The best strategy to try to stave off vascular neurocognitive disorder is to: increase one's calcium intake. spend time with grandchildren. exercise regularly. take lots of vitamins.

exercise regularly

Pick the primary environmental cause of hearing impairment in later life. exposure to noise exposure to earrings injury to the ear exposure to cold

exposure to noise

What is the main environmental cause of later-life hearing impairments? exposure to cold exposure to noise injury to the ear exposure to earrings

exposure to noise

The socioeconomic health gap refers to the: difference in average life expectancy between males and females. health and longevity disparity between the rich and poor people in a nation. health and longevity disparity between the developed and developing worlds. difference in the maximum lifespan between people living in Western and developing nations.

health and longevity disparity between the rich and poor people in a nation

Emily has mild cognitive impairment. This means: she must have the APOE-4 marker for Alzheimer's disease. she will definitely develop Alzheimer's disease in the next two or three years. she is unlikely to develop further neurocognitive problems. her odds are about 1 in 2 that she will develop Alzheimer's disease.

her odds are about 1 in 2 that she will develop Alzheimer's disease

Alicia is in charge of a senior care facility. Alicia notes that among her residents, instrumental ADL impairments are _____ basic ADL impairments. less common than very rare as are more common than as common as

more common than

Among the elderly, instrumental ADL impairments are _____ basic ADL impairments. more common than very rare as are as common as less common than

more common than

Compared to women, men are _____ likely to die of a _____ in midlife. 10 times more; heart attack more; heart attack less; heart attack less; stroke

more; heart attack

What pathological brain structures are the result of Alzheimer's disease? more white matter neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques a growth in the neurons multiple small strokes

neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques

Research suggests that babies born in the year 2000 are: not likely to live beyond 50. likely to live to be 200. not likely to live beyond 100. likely to live to be 1,000.

not likely to live beyond 100

The name for the age-related hearing impairment caused by the atrophy or loss of the hearing receptors for high-pitched tones is: presbyopia. hyperopia. myopia. presbycusis.

presbycusis

Professor Stanwyck, a 53-year-old instructor at a community college, is beginning to have problems reading students' papers when the students choose relatively small fonts. Professor Stanwyck is developing: glaucoma. presbyopia. macular degeneration. presbycusis.

presbyopia

The loss of hearing due to damage in the inner ear is called: presbyopia. presbycusis. senile plaques. osteoporosis.

presbyscusis

The BEST strategy for helping stave off the vascular component of a neurocognitive disorder is to: regularly exercise. take lots of vitamins. increase one's daily calcium intake. spend time with grandchildren.

regularly exercise

All of these structures are located towards the front of the eye EXCEPT for the: lens. iris. retina. pupil.

retina

At each higher rank on the social status ladder, people live longer and healthier lives; this is called the: socioeconomic health gap. medical gap. civil-service hierarchy. disparity gap.

socioeconomic health gap

The fact that at each higher rank on the social status ladder people live longer and healthier lives is called the: disparity gap. maturation culture. civil-service hierarchy. socioeconomic health gap.

socioeconomic health gap.

The socioeconomic health gap refers to: the health and longevity disparity between the developed and developing worlds. the health and longevity disparity between richer and less-affluent people. the difference in average life expectancy between males and females. the difference in the maximum life span between people living in Western and developing nations.

the health and longevity disparity between richer and less-affluent people

Walter was just diagnosed with the type of neurocognitive disorder that involves small strokes. His diagnosis is: Alzheimer's disease. Parkinson's disease. Huntington's disease. vascular neurocognitive disorder.

vascular neurocognitive disorder

_____ is a type of age-related neurocognitive disorder characterized by neural atrophy and the abnormal byproducts of that atrophy; it is eventually fatal. Vascular neurocognitive disorder Alzheimer's disease Huntington's disease Parkinson's disease

vascular neurocognitive disorder

The majority of residents in long-term care are: women in their late eighties and above. middle-aged women with neurocognitive disorder. men and women equally of advanced old age. men in their seventies and eighties.

women in their late eighties and above

The majority of residents in long-term care are: women in their late eighties and above. middle-aged women with neurocognitive disorder. men in their seventies and eighties. men and women equally of advanced old age.

women in their late eighties and above

Osteoporosis is MOST common among _____ who are _____. men; overweight men; thin women; thin women; overweight

women; thin