Chapter 14
Which of the following are features of the cognitive-behavioral approach to treating a person with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder?
Correct: -Teaching clients to articulate the automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes that interfere with establishing relationships. -Using graduated exposure to social interaction. Incorrect: -Confronting clients' fear of attachment in relationships. -Exploring childhood traumatic incidents during social interactions.
Which of the following is true?
Correct: -The first diagnosis of BPD in childhood or adolescence has the worst long-term consequences. Incorrect: -The first diagnosis of BPD in old age has the worst long-term consequences. -The first diagnosis of BPD in adulthood has the worst long-term consequences.
Which of the following statements are true about the object relations approach to narcissistic personality disorder?
Correct: -The narcissistic individual develops a false self based on grandiose and unrealistic ideas about their competence. -It is seen as a failure to form a cohesive, integrated sense of self. Incorrect: -A person with this diagnosis engages in splitting. -Early childhood insecurities are believed to be abandoned by adolescence.
Which of the following would a cognitive-behaviorist endorse with regard to narcissistic personality disorder?
Correct: -The underlying problem is the client's maladaptive ideas. Incorrect: -It is caused by the client's inability to move beyond early psychosexual stages of development. -The underlying problem is the client's failure to attain an integrated sense of self. -It is caused by the client's not receiving social punishments for their grandiose behavior.
Which of the following are true of people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder from a cognitive-behavioral perspective?
Correct: -Their feelings of self-worth depend on perfection. -They set unrealistic ideas of perfection. Incorrect: -They have realistic expectations about avoiding mistakes. -They mostly behave in ways that conform to a practical sense of being.
Which of the following features are typical of people diagnosed with a narcissistic personality disorder?
Correct: -They have a strong sense of entitlement. -They have a belief that they are exceptional. -Their self-esteem is based on views of others. Incorrect: -They avoid most social interactions. -Their moods are characterized by instability.
Which of the following symptoms are more typical for women than for men diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder?
Correct: -They have higher rates of eating disorders. -They have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders. Incorrect: -They are more likely to have antisocial personality characteristics. -They usually have higher rates of substance abuse.
Which of the following are characteristics that may work against the use of cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Correct: -They ruminate over past behavior. -They tend to intellectualize. -They worry about making mistakes. Incorrect: -They have little or no insight into their own behavior.
Dr. Bronikowski says that narcissism involves unworkable beliefs and maladaptive ideas. Dr. Bronikowski is most likely
Correct: -a cognitive-behavioral therapist. Incorrect: -an existentialist. -a psychodynamic practitioner. -a biological researcher.
Research suggests that those with dependent personality disorder have an extremely high level of Blank______.
Correct: -agreeableness Incorrect: -internal anger -depression -happiness
What is emotional dysregulation?
Correct: -an inability to regulate emotion Incorrect: -persecutory paranoia -an avoidance of social situations -a disregard for societal norms
The "dark triad" is a characteristic of:
Correct: -antisocial personality disorder Incorrect: -borderline personality disorder -major depression -bipolar disorder
Researchers believe that Blank______ is a more severe form of social anxiety disorder.
Correct: -avoidant personality disorder Incorrect: -obsessive-compulsive personality disorder -borderline personality disorder -antisocial personality disorder (Antisocial personality disorder is not seen as a form of social anxiety disorder.)
Sergei's roommate wonders why he never accepts any social invitations. The roommate has also noticed that Sergei is sensitive to rejection and often interprets innocent remarks as ridicule. The roommate knows Sergei has recently seen a psychologist and been diagnosed with
Correct: -avoidant personality disorder. Incorrect: -narcissistic personality disorder. -histrionic personality disorder. -antisocial personality disorder.
Each of the following childhood experiences plays a role in the development of borderline personality disorder in adulthood except
Correct: -being a firstborn Incorrect: -marital difficulties in the home. -traumatic experiences. -childhood neglect.
Emily has been hospitalized and diagnosed with a personality disorder. Her sister tells the clinician that Emily spends all her time "pestering" family members and is moody, demanding, and reckless. She talks continuously about not knowing what to do in her life. When Emily is interviewed, she tells the clinician that she feels empty all the time. Which of the following disorders is Emily's most likely diagnosis?
Correct: -borderline personality disorder Incorrect: -avoidant personality disorder -histrionic personality disorder -antisocial personality disorder
The main goal of therapists working in the cognitive-behavioral framework with someone with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder is to
Correct: -break the client's negative cycle of avoidance. Incorrect: -increase the client's attachment in relationships. -Increase the client's exposure to positive reinforcement for social interactions. -refer the client to a psychiatrist for medication.
A diagnosis of borderline personality disorder involves which of the following behaviors?
Correct: -chronic feelings of emptiness -difficulty controlling anger -unstable and intense relationships Incorrect: -avoiding social situations -insisting on order and cleanliness
The contemporary psychodynamic approach to OCPD adds what focus to the Freudian concepts?
Correct: -cognitive factors -prior learning Incorrect: -genetic predisposition -mindfulness
Professor Tou explains to her Abnormal Psychology class that a person with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has unrealistic expectations about being perfect and avoiding mistakes. This is a(n) Blank______ perspective.
Correct: -cognitive-behavioral Incorrect: -humanistic -psychodynamic -biological or medical
Which treatment appears to be the most effective for people with a dependent personality disorder?
Correct: -cognitive-behavioral therapy Incorrect: -pure behavioral therapy -couples therapy -psychodynamic therapy
Which of the following are characteristics of antisocial personality disorder?
Correct: -deceptive -extremely egocentric -incapable of love -able to exploit others -charming but insincere Incorrect: -low-risk taking -empathetic toward others
Cluster C contains which of the following personality disorders?
Correct: -dependent -obsessive-compulsive -avoidant Incorrect: -schizotypal -schizoid
Which of the following are features of schizotypal personality disorder?
Correct: -difficulty forming accurate perceptions and cognitions -eccentric ideas -unusual beliefs and experiences -restricted affect Incorrect: -inflated positive views about themselves
Instead of categorical ratings, the alternative system for diagnosing personality disorders, which is being offered on a trial basis in Section 3 of the DSM-5, uses Blank______ ratings.
Correct: -dimensional Incorrect: -cognitive -foundational -behavioral
Which of the following are features of avoidant personality disorder?
Correct: -feeling socially inferior -staying away from social encounters -perceiving oneself as lacking social skills Incorrect: -obsessively seeking intimate relationships
Abby's therapist and Abby have developed a hierarchy of social situations that range from not very threatening to very threatening. The therapist's strategy is to start with the least threatening and work up to assist Abby in not being so sensitive to rejection, to improve Abby's sense of unworthiness, and to assist her in having more relationships with others. This is a description of using Blank______ to treat Abby's diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder.
Correct: -graduated exposure Incorrect: -emotional dysregulation -attachment sensitization
Which of the following are typical of a person with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Correct: -has difficulty understanding how others feel -has high standards for self and others -extremely perfectionistic Incorrect: -extremely dramatic -disregards social norms
Professor Taylor explains to his Abnormal Psychology class that a person with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has not progressed from or is constantly returning to the anal stage of psychosexual development. This is a Blank______ perspective.
Correct: -historic psychodynamic Incorrect: -dialectical behavior therapy -cognitive-behavioral -biological
Tierra has big hair, flirts seductively with the therapist, has long, polished red fingernails that she waves about theatrically, wears chunky jewelry, and claims to know many famous people. She has recently been diagnosed with
Correct: -histrionic personality disorder. Incorrect: -antisocial personality disorder. -avoidant personality disorder. -borderline personality disorder.
Which best summarizes the cognitive-behavioral perspective on the causes of avoidant personality disorder?
Correct: -hypersensitivity to shame Incorrect: -intellectual deficits -unsuccessful resolution of early psychosexual stages -inadequate reinforcement for social behavior
Children who were Blank______ are more likely to develop into adults with BPD.
Correct: -insecurely attached Incorrect: -born in the winter months -born in the spring months -securely attached
Each of the following are long-term negative consequences of BPD except
Correct: -intellectual impairment Incorrect: -social impairment. -work impairment. -financial impairment.
DSM-5 diagnostic criteria require that a person's behavior patterns must fit at least two of which of the following areas in order to receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder?
Correct: -interpersonal functioning -impulse control -cognition -affectivity Incorrect: -hallucinations and delusions -amnesia
Constanza has been diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder. Which of the following might be some of her symptoms?
Correct: -lack of remorse or regret -manipulativeness -failure to conform to social norms Incorrect: -shyness and lack of social skills -avoidance of social situations
Which of the following are features of schizoid personality disorder?
Correct: -lack of sexual involvement -limited range of emotional expression Incorrect: -clingy and dependent behaviors -manipulation of others
Which of the following is a treatment for borderline personality disorder that helps clients identify their feelings and assist them in gaining control over problematic thinking and the feelings that go with it?
Correct: -mentalization therapy Incorrect: -emotional dysregulation therapy -systematic desensitization -transference-focused psychotherapy
Which intervention can help people with dependent personality disorder manage interpersonal anxiety?
Correct: -mindfulness training Incorrect: -group therapy -systematic desensitization -therapeutic confrontation
Clarice is an accountant and has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She is perfectionistic, work-focused to the exclusion of social relationships, and has strong opinions of right and wrong. Which of the following personality disorders best fits Clarice?
Correct: -obsessive-compulsive Incorrect: -schizotypal -paranoid and histrionic -borderline
A person diagnosed with which of the following disorders is usually seen by others as rigid and stubborn?
Correct: -obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Incorrect: -borderline personality disorder -schizotypal personality disorder -antisocial personality disorder
People who are perfectionistic, define themselves by their accomplishments, have difficulty completing tasks because they find flaws in their work, set unrealistic standards for themselves, and can be overly moralistic would probably be diagnosed with Blank______.
Correct: -obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Incorrect: -paranoid personality disorder -perfectionistic personality disorder -obsessive-compulsive disorder
The critics of the current diagnostic system of personality disorders argue that in reality most behaviors Blank______.
Correct: -occur on a continuum Incorrect: -are fairly black and white -can be understood by way of forced-choice categories -fall into specific categories
Mareka has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Her therapist asks her about how things are going in her life, and Mareka says her neighbor is trying to make trouble for her, her ex-husband is trying to get custody of their children, her employer is looking for an excuse to fire her, her boyfriend is probably cheating on her, and her coworkers are out to get her. Mareka likely has which type of personality disorder?
Correct: -paranoid Incorrect: -dependent -schizoid -histrionic
Which of the following are features of people with a dependent personality disorder?
Correct: -passivity and agreeing with others -when alone feel despondent and abandoned -clinging behaviors Incorrect: -odd and eccentric beliefs -splitting and a vague sense of self
Dr. Fraser says that narcissism is the person's expression of childhood insecurity and need for attention. Dr. Fraser is reflecting the
Correct: -psychodynamic perspective. Incorrect: -cognitive-behavioral perspective. -humanistic perspective. -biological perspective.
Dr. Browne is a clinical psychologist who believes that his client's avoidant personality disorder is the result of her fear of attachment in relationships. Dr. Browne is most likely a(n)
Correct: -psychodynamic therapist. Incorrect: -humanistic therapist. -existential therapist. -cognitive-behavioral therapist. (Cognitive-behavioral therapists would try to understand and change the cognitively distorted thinking of the client.)
A client is diagnosed with Blank______ personality disorder because she has odd, eccentric ideas and a confusing and distorted sense of self. She also has difficulty understanding the motivations and behaviors of others, and her personality traits fall along the extremely maladaptive end of the psychoticism dimension.
Correct: -schizotypal Incorrect: -borderline -avoidant -narcissistic
Dr. Allison is a cognitive-behavioral therapist treating Anna for avoidant personality disorder. Which of the following treatment techniques would Dr. Allison be most likely to use?
Correct: -skills training -relationship training -graduated exposure Incorrect: -psychoanalysis
Marie has a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. When she first saw her therapist, she immediately liked her, talked about her to everyone, and could not wait for her next session. When the therapist advised her that she would be relocating and it would be necessary to transfer her to a different therapist, Marie flew into a rage and told the therapist that she hated her and hoped she died. This is an example of
Correct: -splitting Incorrect: -parasuicide. -the maturation hypothesis. -recidivism
One important issue that often obstructs the treatment of people with a narcissistic personality disorder is
Correct: -their extreme perfectionism Incorrect: -the hallucinations which often accompany particularly difficult sessions. -their constant focus on their anxieties and insecurities. -the fact that insurance will not cover treatment of this disorder.
Each of the following are reasons researchers wanted to remove paranoid and schizoid personality disorders from the DSM-5 except
Correct: -there was not a clear set of criteria offered for diagnosing each. Incorrect: -they sound like they are a variant of schizophrenia when in fact they are not. -their names are misleading. -they cannot be uniquely identified.
Each of the following is true about people with the personality trait "colorful personality" except
Correct: -they listen well to others Incorrect: -they tend to interrupt. -they enjoy expressing themselves in a dramatic way. -they enjoy being the focus of attention.
Which of the following is true about people with a paranoid personality disorder?
Correct: -they rarely seek clinical help Incorrect: -They are usually eager to begin therapy. -They are reluctant to seek clinical help, but once in therapy tend to work exceptionally hard. -They are eager to seek clinical help, but once in therapy tend to have problems establishing a working relationship.
Which of the following is an intervention that is part of metacognitive interpersonal therapy?
Correct: -thinking about thinking Incorrect: -psychoanalysis -exposure -free association
Which of the following is a treatment for borderline personality disorder that uses the client-clinician relationship as the framework for helping clients achieve a greater understanding of their unconscious feelings and motives?
Correct: -transference-focused psychotherapy Incorrect: -dialectical behavior therapy -motivational interviewing therapy -emotional dysregulation therapy
Those people with Blank______ have an internally weak sense of self and can become despondent when they feel someone is humiliating or betraying them.
Correct: -vulnerable narcissism Incorrect: -antisocial personality disorder -grandiose narcissism -histrionic personality disorder
__________ behavior therapy (DBT) was developed by Marsha Linehan for use with people diagnosed with BPD.
Dialectical
In the alternative personality disorder diagnostic system defined in Section 3 of the DSM-5, the number of personality disorder categories has been
decreased
Persons high in __________ narcissism view themselves as superior, unique, and entitled.
grandiose
A diagnosis of __________ personality disorder in the DSM-5 describes a person whose behavior revolves around the seeking of attention, usually in a "theatrical" way, wanting to be on stage, admired, and praised.
histrionic
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, what is the progression of the development of avoidant personality disorder?
hypersensitivity to shame, misinterpreting neutral or positive remarks, feeling hurt because of the misinterpretation, retreating inward, placing further distance between self and others
A person with a diagnosis of __________ personality disorder may be extremely suspicious of others and always on guard against potential danger or harm.
paranoid
A schizotypal personality disorder is related to __________, with people demonstrating schizotypal symptoms at risk of developing a full-blown psychosis.
schizophrenia
Researchers have come to believe that __________ __________ disorder is a less severe form of avoidant personality disorder.
social anxiety
The term __________ is used in the psychological profession to describe the way that people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder relate to others. This means that their preoccupation with feelings of love for the object of their desire and attention can easily turn to extreme rage and hatred when the love object rejects them.
splitting
Which of the following are traits which have been shown to be associated with a dependent personality disorder?
Correct: -anxiousness -submissiveness -insecure attachment Incorrect: -antisocial tendencies -anger
Which of the following represent the psychological perspective of borderline personality disorder?
Correct: -avoidance of emotionally uncomfortable situations -inability to withstand distress -lack of emotional regulation Incorrect: -grandiosity and flight of ideas
People with Cluster B personality disorders exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Correct: -inflated self-importance -impulsivity -high desire to seek stimulation Incorrect: -a high degree of empathy toward others
Olafur always wants to be the center of attention and has a variety of exhibitionistic and theatrical personality traits. He has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Which of the following is most likely?
Correct: -histrionic personality disorder Incorrect: -avoidant personality disorder -borderline personality disorder -schizoid personality disorder
The term parasuicide describes
Correct: -suicidal gestures. Incorrect: -planning a suicide. -completing a suicide. -preventing suicide.
A characteristic of antisocial personality disorder that includes high levels of psychopathy, grandiosity, and manipulativeness is known as the __________.
dark triad
A personality __________ may be diagnosed when people become rigidly fixed on one particular trait or set of traits.
disorder
A personality __________ is an enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and others, a pattern that characterizes the majority of a person's interactions and experiences.
trait
Which of the following are features of people with diagnoses of histrionic personality disorders?
Correct: -They may behave theatrically. -They are often flirtatious or seductive. -They like to be the center of attention. Incorrect: -They have odd and eccentric beliefs. -They avoid social occasions.
For which profession might the characteristics of paranoid personality disorder actually be useful?
Correct: -politician Incorrect: -teacher -pastor -psychotherapist
Which of the following personality disorders is related to schizophrenia?
Correct: -schizotypal personality disorder Incorrect: -histrionic personality disorder -antisocial personality disorder -avoidant personality disorder
Cluster B contains which of the following personality disorders?
Correct: -histrionic -borderline -antisocial -narcissistic Incorrect: -paranoid
obsessive-compulsive disorder
A disorder in which there are obsessive thoughts and then compulsive behavior.
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
A disorder that involves rigidity and perfectionism.
Adam believes he is exceptional, should be treated as special, and is entitled to a promotion at work. He spends a considerable amount of time creating the right impression with people. His boss is getting a little tired of Adam's attempts to gain his approval and the approval of his coworkers. Adam saw a clinician several weeks ago and was diagnosed with a personality disorder. Which one is most likely?
Correct: -narcissistic personality disorder Incorrect: -dependent personality disorder -borderline personality disorder -antisocial personality disorder
One distinction between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are Blank______.
Correct: -obsessed with the need to be perfect Incorrect: -not rigidly compulsive -not fixated on certain routines -exceptionally good in understanding others' feelings
Cluster A of the personality disorders of the DSM-5 is the
Correct: -odd, eccentric cluster. Incorrect: -anxious, fearful cluster. -dramatic cluster.
One criticism of the DSM-5 is that it uses a Blank______ system to diagnose personality disorders, which require too many fine distinctions to be made about behaviors.
Correct: -categorical Incorrect: -empirical -dimensional -continuous
A personality Blank______ is an ingrained way of relating to other people, situations, and events, characterized by a rigid and maladaptive pattern of inner experience and behavior.
Correct: -disorder Incorrect: -trait -style -factor
High-income countries have a lower prevalence rate of personality disorders.
False
A person with a diagnosis of __________ personality disorder tends to be clinging and passive and must rely on others to make decisions.
dependent
The term __________ describes suicidal gestures that are frequently made by a person with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.
parasuicide
In Section 3 of the DSM-5, the diagnosis of a(n) __________ __________ will require meeting the following sets of criteria: determining how a person functions in terms of identity and self-direction, determining how a person functions in relationships with others, and ratings of specific traits.
personality disorder
A person with a diagnosis of __________ personality disorder might prefer to work in an isolated situation away from others and is not even interested in becoming sexually involved with others.
schizoid
What is the approximate global prevalence rate of personality disorders?
Correct: -7.8% Incorrect: -12.3% -2.3% -6.1%
Researchers found what percentage of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder free of symptoms after 10 years?
Correct: -85% Incorrect: -22% -37% -72%
Ricardo has some long-standing inflexible traits that have caused him to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. He is involved in the legal system but says he intends to outsmart all the fancy lawyers; he is impulsive, lies to and manipulates others; and has no remorse for such actions. Which is the most likely personality disorder he has been diagnosed with?
Correct: -Antisocial personality disorder Incorrect: -Histrionic personality disorder. -Avoidant personality disorder. -Schizotypal personality disorder.
What are the reasons treating a narcissistic personality disorder is difficult?
Correct: -Clients with the disorder tend not to have insight about it. -Therapists often have strong negative feelings toward those with the disorder. Incorrect: -Insurance usually does not cover the treatment of the disorder. -Clients with the disorder usually refuse to take their medication.
The personality disorder categories of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal fall into which cluster of the DSM-5?
Correct: -Cluster A Incorrect: -Cluster C -Cluster D -Cluster B
The personality disorders which focus on behaviors that are dramatic, emotional, or erratic are Blank______.
Correct: -Cluster B personality disorders Incorrect: -Cluster C personality disorders -Cluster A personality disorders -Cluster D personality disorders
Which of the following are pragmatic treatment approaches to help individuals with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder?
Correct: -Developing prosocial ways to satisfy needs. -Using motivational interviewing. -Helping clients use cooperation rather than exploitation and manipulation. Incorrect: -Treating them as if they are untreatable. -Prescribing antipsychotic medication.
Which of the following sets of criteria are used for personality disorder diagnoses in Section 3 of the DSM-5?
Correct: -How a person rates specific personality traits. -How personality is reflected in relation to others. -How a person expresses personality in terms of identity and self-direction. Incorrect: -Whether or not there is anything specified on Axis V.
Which of the following is the theoretical assumption that a psychodynamic theorist would make with regard to avoidant personality disorder?
Correct: -It is the result of a person's fear of attachment in relationships. Incorrect: -It is due to the person not receiving adequate reinforcement for social interactions. -It involves automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes. -It is the result of a person's hypersensitivity to receiving harsh criticism. (Cognitive-behavioral theorists would see avoidant personality as resulting from an individual's hypersensitivity to harsh criticism.)
Which of the following is true about the diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder?
Correct: -It used to be considered synonymous with the hysteric woman. -It was almost eliminated from the DSM-5. -It is rarely diagnosed. Incorrect: -It is easy to distinguish it from other personality disorders.
Which of the following is true in regard to gender differences in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder?
Correct: -Men are most likely to have substance abuse disorders. Incorrect: -Men are most likely to have PTSD -More women are diagnosed than men
Which of the following disorders would not have been included if the new DSM-5 system had been in place?
Correct: -Paranoid personality disorder -Schizoid personality disorder Incorrect: -Antisocial personality disorder -Schizophrenia
What are the goals of dialectical behavior therapy?
Correct: -Reduce the frequency of the client's self-destructive acts. -Increase the client's ability to handle emotional stress. Incorrect: -Help clients understand the origins of the problem. -Reconstruct the client's personality.
__________ personality disorder is characterized by a lack of regard for society's moral or legal standards and an impulsive and risky lifestyle.
Antisocial
True or false: There is currently no treatment approach that is effective in reducing the core features of antisocial personality disorder.
True (At present, no one accepted method of treatment has been shown to be effective in reducing the core features of the disorder)
True or false: The symptoms of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder can improve over time.
True (It is true that symptoms improve over time. In a 10-year longitudinal study of 175 persons with this disorder, researchers found that 85 percent no longer had symptoms.)
